Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR Exam 1 > Lipids and Lipoproteins > Flashcards

Lipids and Lipoproteins Flashcards

1
Q

How many acetyl CoA are used to generate one isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP)?

A

Three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

IPP serves as a building block for synthesis of all?

A

Isoprenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is acetyl CoA generated in?

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are sources of acetyl CoA?

A

1) Pyruvate
2) FA
3) AA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acetyl CoA is transported into cytoplasm via?

A

Citrate shuttle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many units of IPP form tetracyclic sterane ring?

What is it the backbone of?

A

1) Six

2) Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alicyclic compound is made of of?

A

Four fused sterane rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cholesterol has one hydroxyl group at?

A

C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Excess cholesterol may lead to?

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many acetyl CoA, ATP, and NADPH is involved in the synthesis of one cholesterol?

A

1) 18 Acetyl Coa
2) 18 ATP
3) 16 NADPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis?

A

HMG-CoA reductase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an inhibitor of HMG CoA Reductase?

A

Statins (cholesterol lowering drugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of inhibitor are statins?

A

Competitive inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Km for HMG CoA?

What is the Ki for statins?

A

1) 4 um

2) 5-45 nM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The increase in Sterol Regulatory Element BInding Protein (SREBP) maturation leads to?

A

Transcription of LDL receptor and clearance of cholesterol via endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the myotoxic side effect of statins?

A

Depletion of muscle levels of ubiquinone (CoQ10)

17
Q

One fate of cholesterol is it can be converted to cholesterol esters by?
Another fate is it can be packaged into?

A

1) ACAT (Acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase)

2) VLDL and released into blood

18
Q

How does insulin affect HMG CoA Reductase?

How does glucagon affect HMG CoA Reductase?

A

1) Activates

2) Inactivates

19
Q

Which lipoprotein has the most TAGs and least protein?
Which has the least TAGs and most protein?
Which is made in liver and is packaged with TAGs and cholesterol?
Which is considered bad cholesterol?

A

1) Chylomicrons
2) HDL
3) VLDL
4) LDL

20
Q

What is the major carrier of cholesterol in blood to peripheral tissues?
What is its role when it reaches the peripheral tissue?

A

1) LDL

2) Regulate synthesis of cholesterol at these sites

21
Q

HDL is crucial for maturation of?

A

Chylomicrons

22
Q

What is reverse cholesterol transport?

A

HDL retrieves cholesterol such as LDL-cholesterol from other tissues in the body to return the cholesterol to the liver for excretion as bile

23
Q

What is a cholesterol transport protein in endothelial cells and macrophages?
Loss of the protein activity results in a rare condition called?

A

1) ABCA1

2) Tangier disease

24
Q

Which lipoprotein has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties?

A

HDL

25
Q

HDL-C levels are increased by?

A

Weight loss and exercise

26
Q

What is Type I hyperchylomicronemia caused by?
What does this lead to?
Clinical symptoms?
Treatment?

A

1) Deficiency in apoC-II or LPL
2) Chylomicrons and TAGS increase
3) Xanthomas
4) Low fat diet

27
Q

What is Xanthomas?

A

Nodules of cholesterol in skin/tendons

28
Q

What is Type II hyperchylomicronemia caused by?
What does this lead to?
Clinical symptoms?
Treatment?

A

1) Defects in LDL receptor
2) Increase in cholesterol and LDL
3) Xanthomas
4) Diet, statins, LDL apheresis or liver transplant

29
Q

The accumulation of what lipoprotein under the endothelial cells lining blood vessels is positively correlated with cardiovascular disease?

A

LDL

30
Q

What creates arterial plaques which ultimately lead to atherosclerosis?

A

Oxidized LDL –> macrophages –> foam cells

31
Q

With type I hyperchylomicronemia, primary LPL deficiency manifests in?
APO C-II deficiency manifests?

A

1) Infancy

2) Post adolescence

32
Q

ApoB100 is found on which lipoprotein?

A

LDL

33
Q

ApoA-1, ApoE, and ApoC-II are found on which lipoprotein?

A

HDL

34
Q

What activates capillary lipoprotein lipase?
What is resposible for hepatic endocytosis of VLDL?
What activates an enzyme that turns cholesterol into cholesterol ester?

A

1) ApoC-II
2) ApoE
3) ApoA-I

CPR Exam 1 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions