Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the superior mediastinum from the anterior, posterior, and middle mediastinum?

A

The line behind the sternal angle

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2
Q

What is the other name for the Visceral serous pericardium?

What layer of the heart is the thick muscular layer made up of spiraling, overlapping layers of cardiac muscle?

What layer of the heart is the thin internal endothelial and subendothelial layer lining the inside of the chambers of the heart and valves?

A

1) Epicardium
2) Myocardium
3) Endocardium

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3
Q

What is the other name for the inferior border of the heart?

A

Right margin

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4
Q

Where are the crista / sulcus terminalis found?

What does crista terminalis seperate?

A

1) Right atrium
2) Rough and smooth wall of RA

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5
Q

What embryological structure becomes the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

Ductus arteriosus

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6
Q

What two vessels did the ductus arteriosus gap?

A

Aorta and the Pulmonary Trunk

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7
Q

What nerve can be compressed in an aortic aneurysm at the spot of the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

(Runs under the weak spot in the aorta created by the ligamentum arteriosum)

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8
Q

What is the smooth wall of the right atrium called?

Rough wall?

A

1) Sinus venarum
2) Pectinate muscle

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9
Q

What internal feature of the right atrium is the wall between the two atria and contains the remnant of the foramen Ovalis within its borders?

What internal feature of the right atrium is the embryonic remnant of the foramen Ovalis?

A

1) Interatrial septum
2) Fossa ovalis

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10
Q

What differentiates a papillary muscle from trabecula carnae?

A

The attachment of chordae tendonae to the papillary muscles.

(If something has no chordae tendonae attached to it, don’t label it a papillary muscle!)

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11
Q

What is the smooth wall before the pulmonary valve called?

A

Conus arteriosus

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12
Q

What is the other name for the moderator band?

Where is it located?

What does it do?

A

1) Septomarginal trabeculum
2) Right ventricle
3) Transmits RBB of AV bundle to the anterior papillary m.

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13
Q

What do we call the space behind the pulmonary semilunar valve?

A

Pulmonary Sinus

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14
Q

Where is the only place you can find pectinate muscle in the left atrium?

A

The left auricle

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15
Q

What sinus exists behind the outflow vessels?

A

Transverse pericardial sinus

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16
Q

What are the names of the two pericardial sinuses?

A

Oblique and transverse pericardial sinus.

17
Q

What is the initial consequence of a pericardial effusion?

A

Cardiac tampenade (Increased pressure on the heart muscle)

18
Q

Where is the needle inserted for pericardiocentesis?

A

In the paraxiphoid area (just below and to the side of the xiphoid process)

19
Q

The dense collagenous fibers of the heart provides an electrically insulated barrier between?

A

Atria and ventricles

20
Q

What is a myocardial infarction?

What is angina pectoris?

A

1) Lack of blood flow to a specific area of the myocardium
2) Pain in chest usually result of a partially occluded coronary artery

21
Q

What external feature of the heart is between the right atrium and right ventricle and what does this transmit?

What external feature of the heart is between the left atrium and left ventricle and what does this transmit?

What external feature of the heart is between the right and left ventricles on the anterior aspect of the heart and what does this transmit?

What external feature of the heart is between the right and left ventricles on the posterior aspect of the heart what does this transmit?

A

1) Right atrioventricular groove, Right coronary artery
2) Left atrioventricular groov, Coronary sinus

3) Anterior interventricular groove, Anterior interventricular artery along with great cardiac vein
4) Posterior interventricular groove, Posterior interventricular artery along with middle cardiac vein

22
Q

Atrial septal defects typically involves an incomplete closure of the?

A

Foramen ovale

23
Q

What internal features of the right ventricle is the rough muscular region?

What internal features of the right ventricle is the smooth-walled region?

A

1) Traveculae Carnae
2) Conus arteriosus

24
Q

Cardiac catheterization is the insertion of a catheter into the?

A

Femoral vein

25
Q

What is the rough muscular region of the left ventricle called?

What is the smooth walled region of the left ventricle called?

A

1) Trabeculae carneae
2) Aortic vestibule

26
Q

Ventricular septal defects are due to the embryologically divergent tissues that make up the?

A

Interventricular septum

27
Q

When dealing with ventricular fibrillation, an electric shock is administered by electrodes to cause?

When dealing with cardiac referred pain, Ischemia stimulates?

A

1) Defibrillation (ceases all cardiac movements) so that the heart may beat regularly
2) Visceral pain sensory fibers in the heart of the ANS

28
Q

The transverse pericardial sinus allows cardiac surgeons to access?

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

29
Q

What prevents backflow of blood through the mitral valve into the left atrium during systole?

A

Chordae Tendineae

30
Q

Where would blood from an active hemorrhage form descending aorta collect?

A

Posterior mediastinum