Respiratory (exam 3) Flashcards
Why are bronchioles important?
Wrapped in smooth muscle
Expand and contract
Control airflow into and out of alveoli
What is the primary reactive airway?
Bronchioles
Where does gas exchange take place?
Alveolus
What makes up the upper respiratory tract?
Larynx and above
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
What makes up the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea and below
Trachea, primary bronchi, lungs
Where does the division between the upper and lower respiratory tracts start?
Trachea
What is the respiratory mucosa?
Mucous membrane lines respiratory tract
Traps pathogens, dust, etc
Immune support (T & B cells, macros)
Lubricant
What are the mucous membranes?
Epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior
What are the functions of mucosa?
Protection (underlying tissue)
Immune Support (capture debris, mucins presence)
Lubricant (allow food to move to digestive tract)
What is the purpose of the pleura?
Sac around the lungs
What is the purpose of the nasal cavity? Turbinates?
Turbinates are formed by the conchi
Warm, filter, humidify air
What is the purpose of the pharynx?
Shared by respiratory and digestive tracts
3 regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
What is the purpose of the larynx?
Tighter the strings= higher pitch
Looser the strings= lower pitch
Thyroid cartilage makes the adams apple
What is the purpose of the trachea?
Windpipe
Wrapped with cartilage to keep it open
C rings because esophagus is behind= allows food passage
What is the purpose of the bronchi?
2: right and left
Right is wider and straighter= aspirations typically caught here
What is the purpose of the alveoli?
Gas exchange
Functional unit of the respiratory system
Clustered to give more surface area
kept open by surfactant= decrease surface tension, keep alveoli from sticking together
What part of the respiratory system does emphysema destroy?
Destroys the alveoli
How many lobes does the right lung have? Left lung?
Right= 3 Left= 2, no middle due to heart
What is the serous membrane? Where in the body are they?
2 layers with serious fluid in between (parietal layer- hug cavity, visceral layer- hug organ)
Pericardium: around heart
Pleura: around lungs
Peritoneum: around viscera
How do we represent the pressure in the alveoli?
Pa
How do we represent the pressure outside the body? Does the pressure change?
Barometric pressure
Pb
Pressure doesn’t change
How do we represent the intrapleura pressure?
Pip
Which pressure involved in the respiratory tract never changes in a healthy individual?
Pip
What is pressure gradient in reference to the lungs?
Air moves from high to low pressures