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Nervous System (exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 basic functions of the nervous system?

A

Detect
Evaluate
Respond

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2
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A

Spinal Cord

Brain

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3
Q

What function of the nervous system is carried out by the CNS?

A

Evaluation

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4
Q

What is the PNS divided into?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System

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5
Q

What is the ANS divided into?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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6
Q

What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do?

A

Fight or Flight

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7
Q

What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do?

A

Rest and Digest

Feed and Breed

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8
Q

What does the Somatic Nervous System do?

A

Voluntary control of the skeletal muscle

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9
Q

What does the ANS do?

A

Involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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10
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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11
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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12
Q

SAID

A

Sensory
Afferent
In
Dorsally

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13
Q

MOVE

A

Motor
Out of spinal cord
Ventrally and
Efferent

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14
Q

What is the afferent pathway?

A

Sensory

Ascending

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15
Q

What is the efferent pathway?

A

Motor

Descending

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16
Q

What part of the neuron receives information?

A

Dendrite

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17
Q

What part of the information sends information?

A

Axon

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18
Q

What speeds up signal transmission on the neuron?

A

Myelination

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19
Q

What is the Axon Hillock?

A

Gatekeeper

AP begins here

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20
Q

Where is the Grey matter in spinal cord?

A

Middle

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21
Q

Where is the Grey matter in brain?

A

Outside of brain

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22
Q

Where is the White matter in the spinal cord?

A

Outside of cord

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23
Q

Where is the White matter in the brain?

A

Inside of brain

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24
Q

What and where are Oligodendrocytes?

A

CNS

Myelinate central neurons

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25
What and where are Schwann cells?
PNS | Myelinate peripheral neurons
26
What and where are Ependymal cells?
Make CSF from blood plasma Ciliated and move CSF In CNS
27
What and where are Astrocytes?
In CNS | Blood brain barrier
28
What and where are Microglia?
In CNS | Macrophages of CNS
29
What are Nodes on Ranvier and what do they do?
Spaces in between myelin | Allow the signal to jump form node to node speeding up conduction
30
What is the region between adjacent neurons?
Synapse
31
What transmits impulses across the synapse?
Neurotransmitters
32
What is a neuromuscular junction?
Synapse of neuron and skeletal muscle
33
What is the outer most layer of meninges?
Dura mater
34
What is the middle layer of the meninges?
Arachnoid Mater
35
What is the inner most layer of the meninges?
Pia mater
36
What is the space between the pia and arachnoid mater?
Subarachnoid space | CSF here
37
What is the space between the dura and arachnoid mater/
Subdural space
38
Where is the CSF made?
At choroid plexus
39
What are the bumps of brain called?
Gyrus | Gyri
40
What are the grooves of brain called?
Sulcus | Sulci
41
What does the central sulcus separate
Sensory and motor
42
What is a fissure in brain?
Real deep groove
43
What is the corpus collosum?
Connection/ Communication between right and left hemispheres
44
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Memory | Movement
45
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Hearing | Speech
46
What is the brain stem responsible for?
Blood pressure Breathing Consciousness Heartbeat
47
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Balance | Coordination
48
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Vision
49
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Language | Reading
50
What is involved in a reflex arc?
``` Receptor Afferent neuron Efferent neuron Interneuron Effector (muscle) ```
51
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
52
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
53
How many lumber vertebrae are there?
5
54
How many sacral vertebrae are there?
4-5
55
How many coccyx vertebrae are there?
3-4
56
Is the dorsal nerve root motor or sensory?
Sensory
57
Is the ventral nerve root motor or sensory?
Motor
58
What physiologic changes occur during fight or flight?
Accelerates heart rate Constricts blood vessels to smooth muscle (vasoconstriction) Dilates blood vessels to skeletal muscle (vasodilation) Decreases GI movement (decrease peristalsis) Dilation of pupil (mydriasis) Effects on glands: Increases epinephrine, sweat secretion and decreases digestive secretion
59
What physiologic changes occur during rest or digest?
Slows heartbeat NO effect on blood vessels to smooth muscle NO effect on blood vessels to skeletal muscle Increases peristalsis (digestion) Contraction of pupil (miosis) Effects on glands: No effect on adrenal medulla or sweat glands, but increases secretion of digestive enzymes
60
How many neurons are involved in ANS transmission?
2
61
How many neurons are involved in Somatic Nervous System transmission?
1
62
What kind of pre and post ganglionic neurons are in Sympathetic Nervous System? What do they secrete?
``` Short Pre (Ach: Acetylcholine) Long Post (Norepinephrine or Epinephrine) ```
63
What kind of pre and post ganglionic neurons are in Parasympathetic Nervous System? What do they secrete?
``` Long Pre (Ach: Acetylcholine) Short Post (Ach: Acetylcholine) ```
64
What neurotransmitter is released in somatic nervous system?
Ach: Acetylcholine
65
What nerve injuries can regenerate and way?
Nerve injuries in PNS (Schwann cells) can regenerate | Oligodentrocytes scar
66
Where are the rods located for vision? What do they pick up?
Periphery Monochromatic image and image quality Black and white
67
Where are the cones located for vision? What do they pick up?
Central vision Detailed images Color images

Patho (17 decks)

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