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Patho > Nervous System (exam 2) > Flashcards

Nervous System (exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 basic functions of the nervous system?

A

Detect
Evaluate
Respond

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2
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A

Spinal Cord

Brain

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3
Q

What function of the nervous system is carried out by the CNS?

A

Evaluation

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4
Q

What is the PNS divided into?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System

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5
Q

What is the ANS divided into?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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6
Q

What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do?

A

Fight or Flight

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7
Q

What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do?

A

Rest and Digest

Feed and Breed

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8
Q

What does the Somatic Nervous System do?

A

Voluntary control of the skeletal muscle

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9
Q

What does the ANS do?

A

Involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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10
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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11
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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12
Q

SAID

A

Sensory
Afferent
In
Dorsally

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13
Q

MOVE

A

Motor
Out of spinal cord
Ventrally and
Efferent

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14
Q

What is the afferent pathway?

A

Sensory

Ascending

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15
Q

What is the efferent pathway?

A

Motor

Descending

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16
Q

What part of the neuron receives information?

A

Dendrite

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17
Q

What part of the information sends information?

A

Axon

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18
Q

What speeds up signal transmission on the neuron?

A

Myelination

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19
Q

What is the Axon Hillock?

A

Gatekeeper

AP begins here

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20
Q

Where is the Grey matter in spinal cord?

A

Middle

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21
Q

Where is the Grey matter in brain?

A

Outside of brain

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22
Q

Where is the White matter in the spinal cord?

A

Outside of cord

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23
Q

Where is the White matter in the brain?

A

Inside of brain

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24
Q

What and where are Oligodendrocytes?

A

CNS

Myelinate central neurons

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25
Q

What and where are Schwann cells?

A

PNS

Myelinate peripheral neurons

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26
Q

What and where are Ependymal cells?

A

Make CSF from blood plasma
Ciliated and move CSF
In CNS

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27
Q

What and where are Astrocytes?

A

In CNS

Blood brain barrier

28
Q

What and where are Microglia?

A

In CNS

Macrophages of CNS

29
Q

What are Nodes on Ranvier and what do they do?

A

Spaces in between myelin

Allow the signal to jump form node to node speeding up conduction

30
Q

What is the region between adjacent neurons?

31
Q

What transmits impulses across the synapse?

A

Neurotransmitters

32
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction?

A

Synapse of neuron and skeletal muscle

33
Q

What is the outer most layer of meninges?

A

Dura mater

34
Q

What is the middle layer of the meninges?

A

Arachnoid Mater

35
Q

What is the inner most layer of the meninges?

36
Q

What is the space between the pia and arachnoid mater?

A

Subarachnoid space

CSF here

37
Q

What is the space between the dura and arachnoid mater/

A

Subdural space

38
Q

Where is the CSF made?

A

At choroid plexus

39
Q

What are the bumps of brain called?

A

Gyrus

Gyri

40
Q

What are the grooves of brain called?

A

Sulcus

Sulci

41
Q

What does the central sulcus separate

A

Sensory and motor

42
Q

What is a fissure in brain?

A

Real deep groove

43
Q

What is the corpus collosum?

A

Connection/ Communication between right and left hemispheres

44
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Memory

Movement

45
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Hearing

Speech

46
Q

What is the brain stem responsible for?

A

Blood pressure
Breathing
Consciousness
Heartbeat

47
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Balance

Coordination

48
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

49
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Language

Reading

50
Q

What is involved in a reflex arc?

A 
Receptor
Afferent neuron
Efferent neuron
Interneuron
Effector (muscle)
51
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

52
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

53
Q

How many lumber vertebrae are there?

54
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

55
Q

How many coccyx vertebrae are there?

56
Q

Is the dorsal nerve root motor or sensory?

57
Q

Is the ventral nerve root motor or sensory?

58
Q

What physiologic changes occur during fight or flight?

A

Accelerates heart rate
Constricts blood vessels to smooth muscle (vasoconstriction)
Dilates blood vessels to skeletal muscle (vasodilation)
Decreases GI movement (decrease peristalsis)
Dilation of pupil (mydriasis)
Effects on glands: Increases epinephrine, sweat secretion and decreases digestive secretion

59
Q

What physiologic changes occur during rest or digest?

A

Slows heartbeat
NO effect on blood vessels to smooth muscle
NO effect on blood vessels to skeletal muscle
Increases peristalsis (digestion)
Contraction of pupil (miosis)
Effects on glands: No effect on adrenal medulla or sweat glands, but increases secretion of digestive enzymes

60
Q

How many neurons are involved in ANS transmission?

61
Q

How many neurons are involved in Somatic Nervous System transmission?

62
Q

What kind of pre and post ganglionic neurons are in Sympathetic Nervous System? What do they secrete?

A 
Short Pre (Ach: Acetylcholine)
Long Post (Norepinephrine or Epinephrine)
63
Q

What kind of pre and post ganglionic neurons are in Parasympathetic Nervous System? What do they secrete?

A 
Long Pre (Ach: Acetylcholine)
Short Post (Ach: Acetylcholine)
64
Q

What neurotransmitter is released in somatic nervous system?

A

Ach: Acetylcholine

65
Q

What nerve injuries can regenerate and way?

A

Nerve injuries in PNS (Schwann cells) can regenerate

Oligodentrocytes scar

66
Q

Where are the rods located for vision? What do they pick up?

A

Periphery
Monochromatic image and image quality
Black and white

67
Q

Where are the cones located for vision? What do they pick up?

A

Central vision
Detailed images
Color images

Patho (17 decks)

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