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Patho > Musculoskeletal (exam 2) > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal (exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Fracture

A

Break in the continuity of a bone

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2
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Outer bone break, inner layer doesn’t

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3
Q

Torus fracture

A

Compression cause bowing break, not all the way through

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4
Q

Bowing fracture

A

Bends but doesn’t break

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5
Q

Callus formation steps

A

Fracture hematoma
Forms blood clot
Replaced by fibroblasts, lay down colagen
Pro callus: osteoblast formation, lay down bone, true callus
Remodeled by osteoblasts & phagocytes, to make normal and healthy

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6
Q

Dislocation

A

Temporary displacement of 2 bones, loss of contact between articular cartilage

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7
Q

Subluxation

A

Contact between articular surfaces is only partially lost

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8
Q

What do tendons connect?

A

Connect muscle to bone

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9
Q

What do ligaments connect?

A

Connect bone to bone

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10
Q

Strain

A

Connective tissue injury

Tear or injury to a tendon or muscle

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11
Q

Sprain

A

Connective tissue injury

Tear or injury to a ligament

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12
Q

Avulsion

A

Connective tissue injury

Complete separation of a tendon or ligament from its bony attachment site

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13
Q

Muscle strain

A

Sudden, forced motion causing the muscle to become stretched beyond its normal capacity

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14
Q

Tendinitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon

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15
Q

Tendinosis

A

Painful degradation of collagen fibers, exaggerated/ prolonged tendinitis

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16
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa (extra pillows outside synovial joints)

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17
Q

Epicondylitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon where it attaches to the bone

18
Q

What are the 2 major forms of epicondylitis

A 
Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis, tennis backhand)
Golfers elbow (medial epicondylitis, golf swing)
19
Q

Rhabdomyolysis (myoglobinuria)

A

Life-threatening complication of severe muscle trauma with muscle cell loss
Skeletal muscle breaking open

20
Q

Crush syndrome

A

Rhabdomyolysis, crushing type trauma

21
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Rhabdomyolysis, blood supply pressure issue

Type of: Volkmann ischemic contracture

22
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Porous bone
Hormone imbalance
Post-menopausal women are more at risk
Over activity of osteoclasts (bone destroying)

23
Q

Osteopenia

A

Start to lose bone density, but not at osteoporosis yet

24
Q

What are the normal curvature names?

A

Kyphotic (primary curvatures)

Lordotic (secondary curvatures)

25
Q

Iatrogenic osteoporosis

A

From meds or treatment

26
Q

Regional osteoporosis

A

Rare, usually systematic

27
Q

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

A

Steroid induced

Most common iatrogenic osteoporosis

28
Q

Kyphosis

A

Hunchback

Over curvature of thoracic vertebrae

29
Q

Lordosis

A

Sway back/ saddle back

Over curvature of cervical or lumbar vertebrae

30
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Deficiency of vitamin D lowers calcium absorption from intestines
Soft bone

31
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Most often caused by staphylococcal infection
Most often from open wound (exogenous)
Bone infection

32
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Noninflammatory
Degeneration and loss of articular cartilage (bone on bone rubbing)
Degenerative joint disease
Primary disease is idiopathic (don’t know cause)
Often isolated to one side

33
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A 
Inflammatory joint disease
Systemic autoimmune
Infectious or noninfectious (genetics, environment)
Antibodies against our antibodies
Usually symmetrical
34
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Inflammatory joint disease (often spine)

Due to inflammation, joint goes under repair, stiffens and fusing of joints and bone

35
Q

Gout

A

Metabolic disorder
Uric acid production or excretion problem
Uric acid concentration increases and crystallizes (gouty arthritis)

36
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

Inflammation in the joints

When uric acid crystallizes in the joints

37
Q

Contracture

A

Skeletal muscle disorder

No AP but muscle is contracting

38
Q

Disuse atrophy

A

Not using the muscle, muscle shrinks, reversible

39
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Pain disorder

Pain weakness and pain

40
Q

Toxic myopathies

A

Myopathy: muscle disease or damage
Toxins in body damage muscles causing toxic myopathies
Most common cause: alcohol abuse
Drugs can also cause

41
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Most common bone cancer

Patho (17 decks)

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