Genetics (exam 1)

Question 1

What sugar makes up DNA?

Answer 1

Deoxyribose

Question 2

What are the codons in DNA and how do they pair?

Answer 2

A-T

G-C

Question 3

What are the codons in RNA and how do they pair?

Answer 3

A-U

G-C

Question 4

Transcription

Answer 4

DNA to mRNA

In nucleus

Question 5

Translation

Answer 5

mRNA to protein

In ribosome

Question 6

Gene splicing

Answer 6

Introns spliced out

Exons kept

Question 7

Polymorphisms

Answer 7

Mutation
Changing of genes
Normal changes in alleles
Least pathologic

Question 8

Point Mutation

Answer 8

Change 1 base

Question 9

Base Pair Substitution

Answer 9

Type of point mutation

1 pair replaces another

Question 10

Frameshift Mutation

Answer 10

Insertion or Deletion

Most pathologic

Question 11

Insertion

Answer 11

Insert 1 or more pairs
Not in group of 3
Change reading frame

Question 12

Deletion

Answer 12

Delete 1 or more pairs
Not in group of 3
Change reading frame

Question 13

Inversion

Answer 13

Section of DNA is reversed

Question 14

How many chromosomes are there?

Answer 14

46 total

23 pairs

Question 15

How many autosomes are there?

Answer 15

22 pairs

44 total

Question 16

Mutagens

Answer 16

Agents that increase the frequency of mutations

Question 17

Euploid Cells

Answer 17

Correct number of chromosomes

Question 18

Polyploidy

Answer 18

More than normal copies
Ex: Triploidy (3 copies, 69 chromosomes)
Ex: Tertraploidy (2 copies, 92 chromosomes)

Question 19

Euploidy

Answer 19

Correct # of chromosome

2 pairs, 46 chromosomes

Question 20

Aneuploidy

Answer 20

Wrong # of chromosomes
Does not contain 23 chromosomes
Not a set of chromosomes wrong

Question 21

Trisomic/ Trisomy

Answer 21

3 copies of one chromosome

Question 22

Monosomy

Answer 22

Presence of only one copy of a chromosome

LETHAL of any chromosome, unless a male sex chromosome

Question 23

Nondisjunction

Answer 23

An error where homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis

Question 24

Partial Trisomy

Answer 24

An extra portion of a chromosome is present in each cell

Question 25

Chromosomal Mosaics

Answer 25

Body has 2 or more different cell lines

Question 26

Trisomy 13

Answer 26

Patau Syndrome

Most pathologic

Question 27

Trisomy 18

Answer 27

Edwards Syndrome
Pretty Pathologic (50% die w/ in 1st week, rest w/ in 1st year)

Question 28

Trisomy 21

Answer 28

Down syndrome
Risk increases with mothers age
Most common
Least pathologic

Question 29

Trisomy X

Answer 29

XXX
Most common aneuplodies
47 chromosomes

Question 30

Monosomy X

Answer 30

XO

45 chromosomes

Question 31

Klinefelter Syndrome

Answer 31

XXY

47 chromosomes

Question 32

Mode of Inheritance

Answer 32

Pattern in which a genetic disease is inherited through generations

Question 33

Autosomal Recessive

Answer 33

Occur on the 22 pairs of autosomes

Need 2 recessive copies

Question 34

Autosomal Dominant

Answer 34

Occur on the 22 pairs of autosomes

Need 1 dominant

Question 35

X-Linked Recessive

Answer 35

Occur on X
Male expresses it if it is present
Female needs 2 copies of it to present

Question 36

X-Linked Dominant

Answer 36

Occur on X

Need 1 to present

Question 37

Genotype

Answer 37

Set of genes an individual has in its genome

Question 38

Phenotype

Answer 38

Physical or attributes coded by genes and environmental factors

Question 39

Polygenic Traits

Answer 39

Several genes acting together for trait

Question 40

Multifactorial Inheritance

Answer 40

Environmental factors influence expression of trait