RESPIRATORY: EQUINE, RUMINANT, EXOTIC

Question 1

What is the O2 requirement in L/min for horses during racing?

Answer 1

50-80 L/min

Question 2

Can a horse breathe from its mouth?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

Through which meatus is an endoscope passed through in a horse?

Answer 3

ventral meatus

Question 4

How many pairs of sinuses does the horse have?

Answer 4

7 pairs

Question 5

What is each letter?

Answer 5

a: dorsal pharyngeal recess
b: ostia of guttural pouches
c: pharyngeal roof
d: epiglottis
e: arytenoids

Question 6

The entrance to the guttoral pouches is known as ___________

Answer 6

ostia

Question 7

The ostia open during which physiological process?

Answer 7

swallowing

Question 8

The guttoral pouch is divided into medial & lateral compartments by the ___________ bone

Answer 8

stylohyoid

Question 9

Which compartment of the guttoral pouch has more vital structures?

Answer 9

medial

Question 10

The guttoral pouch contains which 4 cranial nerves?

Answer 10

9, 10, 11, 12

Question 11

The nasopharynx and oropharynx are divided by what struture?

Answer 11

soft palate

Question 12

context: equine endoscopic anatomy

Answer 12

*laryngeal ventricles

Question 13

Which muscle pulls the arytenoids laterally?

Answer 13

cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

Question 14

What are the two types of bovine sinuses?

Answer 14

maxillary & caudal frontal

Question 15

Which lymph node can compress the pharynx and larynx if enlarged in cows?

Answer 15

medial retropharyngeal lymph node

Question 16

In a cow, the vertebral area of the ribs are covered by which muscles?

Answer 16

epaxial muscles: longissimus & iliocostalis

Question 17

Do cattle have relatively thin or thick lung (alveolar) septae?

Answer 17

thick

Question 18

Is the bovine lung highly segmented?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis (ODA) affects which type of cells?

Answer 19

type 2 pneumocytes
(the surfactant producers)

Question 20

What is bacteremia?

Answer 20

Bacteria circulating in the blood

Question 21

What is septicemia?

Answer 21

Bacteria multiplying in the blood

Question 22

The caudal border of the pericardium touches against which two structures through the diaphragm?

Answer 22

reticulum & liver

Question 23

How many liters of blood flow through the udder for every one liter of milk?

Answer 23

500L

Question 24

Milk vein venous drainage in a cow:

caudally through _____________
cranially into ____________

Answer 24

caudally through inguinal rings
cranially into internal thoracic vein

Question 25

What are the 3 structures in the avian upper respiratory tract?

Answer 25

nares
nasal cavity
infraorbital sinus

Question 26

What respiratory structure is located here?

Answer 26

nares

Question 27

What respiratory structure is located here? [same on both pictures]

Answer 27

choana

Question 28

What structure separates the nasal cavity from the nasopharynx?

Answer 28

choana

Question 29

What is the vocal organ of birds? Where is it located?

Answer 29

Syrinx
located near bifurication of trachea

Question 30

Chelonia refer to which type of animals?

Answer 30

turtles

Question 31

chelonia have a relatively ________ trachea
(short/long)

Answer 31

short

Question 32

Lizards have a relatively ________ trachea
(short/long)

Answer 32

long

Question 33

Snakes have a relatively ________ trachea
(short/long)

Answer 33

long

Question 34

Most snakes have a ________ lung only
(right/left)

Answer 34

right

Question 35

What does neoteny mean?

Answer 35

Animal stays in a morphed state form baby to adult

Question 36

Does increased water temperature lead to higher or lower oxygen content?

Answer 36

lower