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ABS&C > REPRO 1-6 > Flashcards

REPRO 1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

2 do

A

-lecture 2: three muscles associated w penis @ end of lecture
-didnt go over blood supply of the penis: do we need it?
-is the oviduct seperate to the [uterine horn: the part that gets larger in rabbits][[perhaps this was not clarified as much because simplex uteruses do not have uterine horns??]]
-L6 last objective: describe endocrine control of spermatogenesis

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2
Q

Removal of the gonad in rabbit embryos resulted in all developing as __________(male/female)

A

female

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3
Q

The gonads and urinary system develop from which region in the embryo?

A

mesonephros

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4
Q

What is A? B?

A

A: primitive kidney
B: genital ridge(->gonads)

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5
Q

What influences further sex development/differentiation after the indifferent gonad stage?

A

SRY

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6
Q

SRY gene influences the developemt of which two supporting cells?

These affect the development of which two steroidogenic cells?

A
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7
Q

Which of these cells start to produce testosterone?
Which produce anti-mullerian hormone & mullerian-inhibiting hormone?

A

leydig: T
sertoli: AMH&M-inhibiting

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8
Q

In the male, which of these ducts regress ?
What happens in the female?

A

M:paramesonephric(mullerian) ducts regress
F: no AMH, so paramesonephric does not regress. later mesonephric regresses

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9
Q

In the female, which duct becomes the fallopian tube, uterus, and vagina?

A

paramesonephric (mullerian)

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10
Q

In the male, the mesonephric duct becomes what structure?

A

epididymis

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11
Q

The clitoris/penis is formed by elongation of the ______ ______

A

genital tubercle

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12
Q

The ____________is a jelly-like cord that extends from the testicle into the inguinal canal and is covered by
visceral and parietal peritoneum. It then shrinks to become the __________ __________ of the testes.

A

gubernaculum
proper ligament

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13
Q

What are the 4 accessory sex glands?

A

ampulla
seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral/cowpers glands

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14
Q

Which 3 animals have all 4 accessory sex glands?

A

stallion, bull, ram

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15
Q

Which accessory sex gland is the boar and tom missing?

A

ampulla

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16
Q

Which accessory sex glands do dogs have?

A

prostate & ampulla

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17
Q

What are the 2 parts of the prostate and their location?

A

corpus: around urethra
disseminate: within urethra

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18
Q

The boar’s viscous semen plug comes from which accessory sex gland?

A

bulbourethral/cowpers gland

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19
Q

What are 2 features of ducts that help aid in sperm movement?

A

cilia
increased smooth muscle content distally form testes

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20
Q

What are the 3 muscle layers of the ductus deferens?

A
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21
Q

Mammalian penis is engorged with blood during an erection. An avian phallus is engorged with ____________

A

lymph

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22
Q

What are the 3 columns of erectile tissue in the penis?

A

2x corpus cavernosum. originate from pelvis
1x corpus spongiosum

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23
Q

The urethra is located in which column of erectile tissue?

A

corpus spongiosum

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24
Q

How is blood flow of an erection maintained by cavernous spaces located in CCP & CSP?

A

caverns fill with blood, which compressed veins, so blood cannot leave penis

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25
Q

What are the two types of CCP?

A

fibroelastic
musculocavernous

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26
Q

Which of the two types of CCP contains a sigmoid flexure?

A

fibroelastic

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27
Q

Which of the two types of CCP requires more blood for an erection?

A

musculacavernous

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28
Q

What is the urethral sinus?

A

at glans penis: space around urethra

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29
Q

name the species for all

A
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30
Q

What is the functional difference in the vestibule and the anterior vagina?

A

urinary bladder empties into vestibule, so its repro and urinary. anterior vagina is only reproductive

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31
Q

IN A MARE: what structure divides the vestibule from the anterior vagina?

A

transverse fold

32
Q

What is the function of the broad ligament in female repro?
What are its three parts?

A

mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium

33
Q

What is the ligament located at the top, between two uterine horns?

A

intercorunal ligament

34
Q

What is the fornix vagina?

A

Widest part of vagina, prior to cervix. Probe could accidentally go there instead of cervix

35
Q

What are the 3 parts of the oviduct?

A
36
Q

This is the ultrasound of a bovine CL. Explain why the center looks like a fluid-filled follicle

A

once the oocyte bursts the follicle and leaves, the CL begins to form from the outside-in. so the center may look like a follicle for a bit as the CL grows

37
Q

What is a corpus albican?

A

Regressed CL. will remain as CA for a while, then completely disappear with no trace

38
Q

What is unique about the equine ovary’s anatomy?
How does this affect CL’s?

A

ovary has medulla outside and cortex inside. it is also kidney shaped
CL’s will form on the inside, not outside like other animals

39
Q

What is the name of the liquid-filled cavity that develops in the center of follicles during development?

A

antrum.

40
Q

What is another term for secondary follicle?
Tertiary follicle?

A

Secondary: antral follicle
tertiary: mature/graafian folicle

41
Q

What are the 3 types of uterus?

A
42
Q

In which lobe of the pituitary gland is the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system?

A

anterior

43
Q

Which lobe of the pituitary gland contains direct neural control?

A

posterior

44
Q

Gonadotropin release is stimulated by __________ in the hypothalamus

A

GnRH

45
Q

Gonadotropin release is stimulated by ____________ in the pituitary gland

A

gonadotroph cells

46
Q

Which two gonadotropins are produced by gonadotroph cells & GnRH?

A

LH & FSH

47
Q

LH & FSH release eventually leads to the release of which 4 sex hormones?

A

E2 (oestriadol)
P4 (progesterone)
T (testosterone)
inhibin

48
Q

What are 5 factors affecting gonatropin secretion?

A

sucking (neg feed)
drugs
sexual behavior
nutrition
stress
season
day length
health

49
Q

Where in the brain is oxytocin produced?

A

hypothalamus

50
Q

Where is oxytocin stored? (not produced)

A

posterior pituitary

51
Q

Describe the feedback system of oxytocin

A

positive feedback loop
—>self-limiting actions like lactation n contractions, so no overload

52
Q

Where is prolactin produced? By what cells?

A

anterior pituitary
lactotroph cells

53
Q

Where is prolactin stored? (not produced)

A

secretory granules

54
Q

Describe the gonadostat theory of puberty

A

before puberty, the hypothalamus is very sensitive to negative feedback from gonadal steroids, resulting in low GnRH n gonadotropin

55
Q

Explain the development/discovery that led to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis theory

A

a pre-pubertal animal will produce gonadotropins if stimulated by GnRH. so GnRH pulsatility is the trigger

56
Q

Describe the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis theory of puberty

A

Activation of puberty only required an increase in GnRH. so GnRH pulsatility is the trigger of puberty

57
Q

Optimal nutrition is associated with _________ puberty (earlier/later)

A

earlier

58
Q

Which lambs experience puberty earlier: autumn born heifers or spring born heifers?

A

autumn

59
Q

Exposure to light can __________ time to first ovulation
(increase/reduce)

A

reduce

60
Q

Kisspeptin hormone _________ the stimulation of GnRH
(enhances/depressed)

A

enhances

61
Q

What species are all?

A
62
Q

The testicular arteries and veins are coiled together and known as the ________ ________

A

pampiniform plexus

63
Q

The space btwn the epididymis and testes is known as _________ ________

A

testicular bursa

64
Q

What is the blue?

A

rete testes

65
Q

What type of cells are located in seminiferous tubules?

A

sertoli cells

66
Q

What type of cells are located outside the seminiferous tubules?

A

leydig cells/interstitial cells

67
Q

what are the 3 main processes of spermatogenesis?

A

proliferation(mitosis)
meiosis
differentiation

68
Q

In the proliferation step of spermatogenesis, spermatogonia————->____________

A

spermatocyte

69
Q

In the meiosis step of spermatogenesis, spermatocyte ——-> ___________

A

spermatid

70
Q

While sperm is still forming, they are connected by __________ __________

A

cytoplasmic bridges

71
Q

In the differentiation step of spermatogenesis, spermatid—–> spermatozoa.
Where does this take place?

A

epididymis

72
Q

What are 3 changes to happen to sperm during differentiation?

A

formation of acrosome
formation of flagella
phagocytosis of unwanted cytoplasm

73
Q

The enzymatic coating on the head of a sperm cell is known as __________

A

acrosome

74
Q

Spermatogenesis takes how many days?

A

approx. 60

75
Q

What are the 3 parts of a sperm’s flagellae? Which piece contains mitochondrial sheath?

A
76
Q

Describe the cross section of a flagellum

A

ABS&C (16 decks)

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