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ABS&C > NEURO > Flashcards

NEURO Flashcards

started adding all the quiz questions during somatic sensory lecture

1
Q

What is 1? 2?

A

1: cerebrum
2: thalamus

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2
Q

What is 1? 2?

A

1: olfactory bulb
2: cerebellum

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3
Q

What is the blue box?

A

thalamus

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4
Q

What is the biggest commissural fiber (1)?

What is the biggest projection fibre (2)?

A

1: corpus callosum
2: internal capsule

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5
Q

What comes between white matter & brainstem?

A

internal capsule

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6
Q

What is deccusation?

A

Crossing directions and forming an X

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7
Q

What is 1? 2? 3?

A

1: hippocampus
2: lateral ventricle
3: third ventricle

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8
Q

The ventricles in the brain are an important site of _____ production

A

CSF

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9
Q

What are ventricles lined with?

A

Choroid plexus

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10
Q

What is 1? 2?

A

1: pineal gland
2: mesencephalic aqueduct

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11
Q

In order from cranio-rostral to caudo-dorsal, name the 3 parts of the brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblangata

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12
Q

the cerebellar peduncles attach which two parts of the brain?

A

cerebellum & medulla oblongata

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13
Q

What is the obex?

A

Most caudal point in the fourth ventricle

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14
Q

The nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve is located where?

A

Obex: most caudal point in the fourth ventricle
(in medulla oblangata)

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15
Q

In what part of the brain is the reticular formation?

A

medulla oblangata

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16
Q

Look at the bottom left to see where this cross section is.
What is 1? 2? 3?

A

1: choroid plexus
2: fourth ventricle
3: reticular formation

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17
Q

At the most caudal part of the brainstem, what does the fourth ventricle turn into?

A

central canal

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18
Q

The pons contains the motor nucleus of the _________ cranial nerve

A

trigeminal

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19
Q

What is the hollow section in the midbrain?

A

mesencephalic aqueduct

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20
Q

At what part of the brain was this taken?

A

midbrain
[bear!]

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21
Q

What is the nose in this bear?

A

mesencephalic acqueduct

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22
Q

what is 1? 2? 3? 4?

A

1: lateral ventricles
2: pons
3: caudal colliculus
4: cerebellum

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23
Q

The cerebellum connects motor commands from the ___________ with info from proprioceptors

A

cerebrum

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24
Q

What is 1? 2?

A

1: cerebellar vermis
2: cerebellar hemisphere

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25
Q

What structure attaches the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

cerebellar peduncles

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26
Q

In the spinal cord, which vertebrae have the cervical itumenscence segments?

A

C6 - T2

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27
Q

In the spinal cord, which vertebrae have the lumbar itumenscence segments?

A

L4-S3

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28
Q

In the spinal cord, which vertebrae have the cervical segments?

A

C1-C5

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29
Q

In the spinal cord, which vertebrae have the thoracolumbar segments?

A

T3-L3

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30
Q

The spinal cord sits in what region of the vertebrae?

A

vertebral foramen

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31
Q

How many thoracic spinal cord segments are in a dog?

A

13

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32
Q

How many thoracic spinal cord segments are in a horse?

A

18

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33
Q

How many cervical spinal cord sggements do all domestic mammals have?

A

8

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34
Q

Which type of drugs get into the BBB easier: water-soluble or fat-soluble?

A

fat-soluble drugs

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35
Q

What are 3 structures that act as “exceptions” to the BBB?

A

pineal gland, choroid plexus, hypothalamus

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36
Q

Do hydrophobic or hydrophilic drugs pass the BBB more easily?

A

hydrophobic

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37
Q

Which artery supplies the brainstem?

A

basillar artery

38
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus located?

A

hollow space, behind brain and beneath each eye socket

39
Q

What is the name of the capillary network within the cavernous sinus?

A

rete mirbale

40
Q

How can a mouth gag cause brain hypoxia in cats?

A

can compress the maxillary arteries between then mandible & tympanic bull

41
Q

In a dog, horse, and human, which two blood vessels feed into the cerebral arterial circle?

A

-basilar artery
-internal carotid artery (from common carotid artery)

42
Q

During ritual slaughter, which two blood vessels are cut?(one vein & one artery)

A

Cut: common carotid & jugular vein

43
Q

What is the most common structure for all conscious perception except olfaction?

A

thalamus

44
Q

What is the menace response?

A

quickly putting a hand towards the eye
animal should blink

45
Q

Which special sense does not synapse in the thalamus?

A

olfaction

46
Q

Axons that terminate in the thalamus and transmit conscious proprioceptive info from the left pelvic limb have their cell bodies where?

A

dorsal column nuclei

47
Q

Cell bodies of the peripheral receptor neurons associated with spinal sensory nerve roots are located:

A

in spinal ganglion

48
Q

Damage in which cerebral structure could alter conscious sensation in all senses except smell?

A

thalamus

49
Q

What are the three types of general proprioception?

A

conscious, subconscious, vestibular

50
Q

A deficit in proprioception leads to _______

A

ataxia

51
Q

Do muscle spindles respond to stretch or shrink?

A

stretch

52
Q

What are the two receptor/sensory organs of proprioception?

A

muscle spindles
golgi tendon

53
Q

In which brain structure are purkinje cells located?

A

cerebellum

54
Q

Which reflex adjusts the center of gravity during head movement?

A

vestibulospinal

55
Q

Which reflex stabilizes retinal images by adjusting eye movement based on head movement?

A

vestibulo-ocular

56
Q

The axons of the vestibulospinal tracts facilitate extensors by terminating in the __________

A

ventral horn of the spinal cord

57
Q

The receptors of the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals are examples of ____________(mechanoreceptors/chemoreceptors)

A

mechanoreceptors

58
Q

What are the two otolith organs?

A

saccule & utricle

59
Q

a pony goes from standing to fast pursuit of a ball. which receptor detects the linear acceleration?

A

macula of utricle

60
Q

In the absence of bilateral vestibular function, orientation of the body in space is possible due to ________

A

visual input & concious proprioception

61
Q

In the autonomic nervous system, are pre-synaptic or post-synaptic neurons myelinated?

A

pre-synaptic

62
Q

Do postsynaptic fibers transmit faster or slower than presynaptic fibers?

A

slower

63
Q

Does the third eyelid retract or protrude during sympathetic innervation?

A

retracts

64
Q

What is anisocoria?

A

Difference in pupil size

65
Q

The compression of neurons of which nucleus, found deep in the midbrain, would result in dialated pupils?

A

oculomotor nucleus

66
Q

Horner’s syndrome is characterized by a lack of ___________ innervation to the eye
[sympathetic/parasympathetic]

A

sympathetic

67
Q

__________________ means weakness due to a nervous system lesion

A

paresis

68
Q

CNS axons are myelinated by ______________

A

oligodendrocytes

69
Q

PNS axons are myelinated by __________

A

schwann cells

70
Q

Why is grey matter grey?

A

presence of cell bodies & nuclei

71
Q

Why is white matter white?

A

presence of myelin (fatty material)

72
Q

A ganglion is a collection of cell bodies outside the ___________

A

CNS

73
Q

The first neuron of a sensory tract is always the

A

spinal cord ganglion

74
Q

In what part of the brain is the lateral geniculate nucleus?

A

thalamus

75
Q

Extraocular muscles are innervated by which 3 cranial nerves?

A

3, 4, 6

76
Q

What is strabismus?

A

Eyes pointing in different directions

77
Q

Dysfunction of which cranial nerves could lead to strabismus?

A

3, 4, 6

78
Q

What is anosmia?

A

Loss of smell

79
Q

What is expothalamos?

A

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

80
Q

Which cranial nerve carries efferent axons to the muscles of mastication?

A

trigeminal

81
Q

How does dysfunction of LMN affect reflexes? (increase/decrease)

A

decreases reflexes

82
Q

How does dysfunction of LMN affect muscle atrophy? (increase/decrease)

A

leads to severe and specific atrophy

83
Q

How does dysfunction of LMN affect muscle tone? (increase/decrease)

A

decreases tone

84
Q

The third an fourth ventricle connect in the _________

A

cerebral aqueduct/mesencephalic acqueduct

85
Q

Involuntary eye movement is known as _________

A

Nystagmus

86
Q

What is palpebral fissure?

A

Space between eyelids

87
Q

On a T2 MRI scan, is liquid or fat white?

A

liquid

88
Q

What is the function of the caudate nucleus?

A

higher-level neurological function

89
Q

@ what level was this section cut?

A

basal nucli

90
Q

@ what level was this section cut?

A

thalamus

ABS&C (16 decks)

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