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ABS&C > ENDOCRINE > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE Flashcards

1
Q

What organ is the overall controller of the endocrine systme?

A

pituitary gland

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2
Q

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus via the _______

A

median eminence/
infindibulum

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3
Q

The pituitary gland sits withing the pituitary fossa (_______) in the ________bone

A

sella turcica
sphenoid bone

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4
Q

Blood supply to the pituitary gland is from the _______ & _______

A

internal carotid arteries &
circle of willis

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5
Q

which lobe of the pituitary is the adenohypophysis?

A

anterior pituitary

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6
Q

What are the 2 parts of the anterior pituitary?

A

pars distalis
pars intermedia

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7
Q

which lobe of the pituitary is the neurohypophysis?

A

posterior pituitary

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8
Q

The posterior pituitary only secretes which 2 hormones? (anterior does the rest)

A

vasopresssin
oxytocin

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9
Q

growth hormone is also called __________

A

somatotropin

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10
Q

What is the precursor for ACTH?

A

POMC

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11
Q

What hormone inhibits prolactin?

A

dopamine

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12
Q

What stimulates neuroendocrine cells in hypothalamus to release CRH?

A

stress

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13
Q

CRH release form neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus triggers __________ hormone release

A

AcTH

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14
Q

due to stress ACTH release [from CRH] triggers __________

A

adrenal gland to increase glucocortocoids

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15
Q

As a response to cold, which hormone is first released?
affects which cells?
releases which hormones?
causes which effect?

A

TRH
thyrotrops in pars distalis
TSH
thyroid gland to increase T3 & T4

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16
Q

The hypothalamus releases what type of hormones that affect the anterior pituitary?

A

releasing hormones

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17
Q
A

1: median eminence
2: CRH
3: ACTH
4: glucocortocoids eg cortisol

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18
Q

What are two hormones produces by the posterior pituitary?

A

vasopressin
oxytocin

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19
Q

growth hormone has what type types of effects?

A

indirect anabolic
direct catabolic

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20
Q

Growth hormones goes to what organ?
releases what?

A

liver
releases: insulin-like growth factor 1

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21
Q

What is acromegaly? What is it caused by?

A

abnormal growth of head, feet, caused by XS growth hormone

22
Q

pituitary dwarfism is caused by cystic enlargement of ________

A

rathke’s pouch in anterior pituitary

23
Q

What is a physical sifference between pituitary dwarfism & thyroid dwarfism?

A

pituitary: looks like they got shrunk
thyroid: disproportionate (big head etc)

24
Q

Which arteries provide blood supply to the thyroid gland?

A

thyrocervical arteries

25
Q
A

parathyroid gland

26
Q

How many parathyroid glands exist?

A
  1. two are external
27
Q

parathyroid hormone increases what element?

A

calcium

28
Q

parathyroid hormone synthesis comes from which cells?

A

chief cells

29
Q

?

A

resorption lacunae

30
Q

Which two amine acids are necessary for thyroid hormone function?

A

thyrosine
iodine

31
Q

What is the functional unit of the thyroid gland?

A

follicle/acini

32
Q

the center of each thyroid follicle has a deposit of the thyroid hormone precursor ________
this is known as a ________

A

thyroglobulin
as a colloid

33
Q

sodium-iodide symporter expression is controlled by which hormone?

A

TSH

34
Q

the sodium-iodide symporter moves iodine from where to where?

A

from blood to cuboidal epithelium/thyroid

35
Q

Between T3 & T4, which is the primary hormone secreted by thyroid?

A

T4

36
Q

The three types of hypothyroidism are primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Each kind is caused by an issue in what organ?
leads to a deficiency of what hormone?

A

primary: thyroid gland, low T3&T4
secondary: pituitary, low TSH
tertiary: hypothalamus, low TRH

37
Q
A
38
Q

The adrenal medulla secretes ____________
The adrenal cortex secretes ________

A

medulla: catecholamine
cortex: steroid hormones

39
Q
A
40
Q
A
41
Q

Glucocortocoids have a major role in glucose regulation. Mineralocortocoids have a major role in _______ & ______ regulation

A

Na+ & water balance

42
Q
A
43
Q
A

adrenal androgens r also sex hormones

44
Q

hypoadrenocorticism is aka

A

addisons disease

45
Q

The pancrease has an endocrine and exocrine component. What % is exocrine?

A

85%

46
Q

What are 2 functions of the exocrine pancreas?

A

secretion of digestive enzymes
absorption of vitamin B12

47
Q

What are the functional units of the endocrine pancreas

A

islets of langerhans

48
Q

What are 4 types of cells in the islets of langerhans

A

alpha
beta
delta
F/PP

49
Q
A
50
Q
A
51
Q

briefly describe the 2 stages of insulin release

A

1: initial 10x increase within few minutes. goes back to halfways normal within few more minutes
2: second gradual increase, plateaus in 2-3 hrs

52
Q

Most cells need insulin in order to become permeable to glucose, except cells in which organ?

A

brain

ABS&C (16 decks)

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