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ABS&C > NEUROPHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

What is membrane potential?

A

[ ] of ions inside and outside of cell

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2
Q

What is an action potential?

A

neurons controlling the movement of ions to generate electrochemical impulses

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3
Q

What structure provides communication between neurons?

A

synapse

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4
Q

What structure provides communication between neurons & musculoskeletal system?

A

Neuromuscular junctions

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5
Q

Name 4 types of ion channels

A

leak channels
chemically gated, voltage gated, mechanically gated

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6
Q

the ATPase pump transports how many Na+ & K+ through an ion pump?

A

3 Na+ OUT
2 K+ IN

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7
Q

What 3 ions are usually extracellular?

A

Na+
Cl-
Ca2+

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8
Q

Is the inside of a cell usually negative or positive compared to the outside?

A

Negative

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9
Q

What 3 components determine membrane potential?

A

dynamic equilibrium of each ion

differential permeability of membrane

Na+/K+ pump

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10
Q

What is an excitable cell?

A

cell capable of rapidly generating electrochemical impulses at their membrane

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11
Q

What are two examples of excitable cells?

A

neurons, muscle

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12
Q

1:
2:
3:
4:

A

1: depolarization
2: overshoot
3: repolarization
4: hyperpolarization

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13
Q

In what part of the neuron is the action potential generated?

A

axon hillock

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14
Q

What is the threshold (all or nothing) number for an action potential in mV?

A

-55

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15
Q

Conduction speed of an AP varies depending on 2 factors:

A

-axonal diameter
-myelination

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16
Q

What cells produce myelin sheathin the PNS?

A

schwann cells

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17
Q

What is the area between chunks of myelin sheath called?

A

nodes of ranvier

18
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

propagation of action potentials from one node of ranvier to the next

19
Q

What should the blue boxes say?

A

Repolarized/refractory period

20
Q

What is hypokalaemia?

A

decrease in [K+] in blood

21
Q

What are the two types of synapses?

A

Electrical & chemical

22
Q

Which of the two types of synapses is unidirectional?

A

chemical

23
Q

What is passed through an electrical synapse? chemical synapse?

A

electrical: ions
chemical: neurotransmitters

24
Q

Which of the two types of synapses is more common?

A

chemical

25
Q

Which of the two types of synapses is faster?

A

electrical
(smaller gap)

26
Q

What is this?

A

EPSP: excitatory post-synaptic potential
(caused by excitatory neurotransmitter)

27
Q

What is this?

A

IPSP: inhibitory post-synaptic potential
(caused by inhibitory neurotransmitter)

28
Q

What are two types of neurotransmitter receptors?

A

ionotropic & metabotropic (g-coupled)

29
Q

Name 3 excitatory neurotransmitters

A

glutamate
noradrenaline
Ach

30
Q

Name 2 inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

GABA
glycine

31
Q

What type of summation is this?

A

temporal summation

32
Q

What type of summation is this?

A

spatial summation

33
Q

What is the function of T tubules?

A

Allows action potential to be propagated deep in muscle

34
Q

What is the moa of myasthenia gravis?

A

body creates antibodies that block the ACh receptor

35
Q

Does an NMJ function through chemical or electrical synapses?

A

Chemical only

36
Q

What is the neurotransmitter present in NMJ?

A

ACh

37
Q

Where are motor neuron cell bodies located?

A

Ventral horn of grey matter

38
Q

What is a myotatic reflex?

A

contraction of a muscle in response to its stretching

39
Q

What is the sensory organ of the muscle that detects stretch?

A

muscle spindle

40
Q

What kind of channels does a muscle spindle activate?

A

Mechanically gated ion channels

41
Q

Where is the golgi tendon organ located?

A

musculotendinous junction

42
Q

the golgi tendon is a s__________ organ

A

sensory

ABS&C (16 decks)

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