LASTA Q&As

Question 1

Which cranial nerve would be responsible for providing the majority of
sensation to the dermis of the horn?

Answer 1

trigeminal nerve- CN V

Question 2

Which is the main nerve that needs to be anaesthetised in order to
remove the horns?

Answer 2

cornual nerve- branch of trigeminal maxillary

Question 3

Explain why you see and feel breath emerging from the cut opening
following dehorning of an adult animal

Answer 3

Extension of frontal sinus is in horn

Question 4

What type of cells line the guttural pouch

Answer 4

respiratory epithelium

Question 5

Why are the guttural pouches the main source of epistaxis (nosebleed)?

Answer 5

The internal carotid artery enters the cranium via the foramen lacerum close to the dorsomedial aspect of the
guttural pouch.
The region is prone to ‘guttural pouch mycosis’ (infection with the microaerophylic fungus, aspergillus spp.).
The fungus often lodges in the dorsomedial part of the guttural pouch and can erode through the thin epithelium
and the wall of the internal carotid artery.
This leads to bleeding which can be life threatening

Question 6

How would blood escape from the guttural pouch

Answer 6

It would emerge from the pharyngeal opening of the guttural pouch into the nasopharynx.
It would then be seen as a nosebleed (epistaxis).

Question 7

Would you perform this procedure [IV sedative injection] in the upper, mid or lower neck? Explain your reason why

Answer 7

upper

Question 8

In which intercostal space should pericardiocentesis be performed?

Answer 8

Question 9

In which intercostal space should thoracocentesis be performed?

Answer 9

Question 10

In which intercostal space should a liver biopsy be performed?

Answer 10

Question 11

List the differences between the horse and the dog with regards to:
(i) the gross topography of the heart

(ii) the branching pattern of the aorta

Answer 11

(i) Horse heart sits in a more vertical position and it is concave on the caudal
border
(ii) In the horse the left subclavian a. branches off the brachiocephalic trunk as
well as the R, and the R & L common carotid aa, In the dog the L
subclavian a branched directly off the aorta.

Question 12

Name the structures which pass through the diaphragm in the following regions:
The aortic hiatus: (3)
The oesophageal hiatus: (3)
The caval foramen: (1)

Answer 12

aortic hiatus: Aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein
oesophageal hiatus: Oesophagus, dorsal and ventral branches of vagus nerve
caval foramen: caudal VC

Question 13

Passing a nasogastric tube: List the structures the tube will pass through to reach the stomach.

Answer 13

Nostril – ventral meatus – nasopharynx – dorsal to epiglottis dorsal to trachea –
oesophagus – cardia – stomach

Question 14

A heart auscultation is between which intercostal space?

Answer 14

2nd-6th