Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

1st gen H1 blocker uses

Answer 1

allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

Question 2

1st gen H1 blocker toxicity

Answer 2

sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha andrenergic

Question 3

2nd gen H1 blockers names and use and tox

Answer 3

“-adine”. Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine. ALLERGY. less sedating than first gen because no CNS entry

Question 4

Asthma: Albuterol

Answer 4

B2-agonist. relaxes bronchial smooth muscle acutes. Rescue use.

Question 5

Asthma: salmeterol, formoterol

Answer 5

beta2-agonist, long acting for prophylaxis

Question 6

Asthma: Theophylline

Answer 6

Methyxanthine. bronchiodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase so high cAMP. dangerous and P450 metabolized/blocks adenosine

Question 7

Asthma: Ipratropium

Answer 7

Muscarinic antagonist. prevent bronchoconstriction. also used in COPD as “tiotropium”

Question 8

Asthma: Beclomethasone, fluticasone

Answer 8

First Line treatment for chronic asthma. corticosteroid. inhibits all cytokine production, inactivates NF-kB (which induces TNF-alpha).

Question 9

first line treatment for chronic asthma

Answer 9

corticosteroid: Beclomethasone, fluticasone

Question 10

Asthma: Montelukast, zafirlukast

Answer 10

Antileukotriene. good for aspirin-induced asthma

Question 11

Asthma: Zileuton

Answer 11

Antileukotriene which blocks 5-lipoxygenase pathway to stop arachadoinc acid to leukotriene

Question 12

Asthma: omalizumab

Answer 12

monoclonal against IgE. knocks down allergy, used in refractory allergy asthma

Question 13

Guaifenesin

Answer 13

Expectorant that thins respiratory secretions but doesn’t suppress cough reflex

Question 14

N-acetylcysteine

Answer 14

Mucolytic- loosens mucus plugs in CF, and as decongestant. Also antidote to acetaminophen overdose

Question 15

Bosentan

Answer 15

endothelin-1 receptor antagonist to decrease pulm vascular resistance. used in pulm hypertension

Question 16

Dextromethorphan

Answer 16

Antitussive by antagonizing NMDA glutamate receptors). Synthetic codine analog. Syrup. Give Naloxone to treat overdose.

Question 17

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine mechainism

Answer 17

sympathomimetic alpha-agonist, for nasal decongestant (over counter decongestant)

Question 18

pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine use and tox

Answer 18

reduce hyperemia, edema, congestion, open obstructed Eustachian tubes. Pseudoephedrine used as stimulate.

Question 19

Methacholine

Answer 19

muscarinic receptor agonist used in asthma challenge test

Question 20

Name of 1st gen H1 blockers

Answer 20

contain “-en/ine” or “en/ate”. Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine