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Step Uno > Heme > Flashcards

Heme Flashcards

1
Q

PTT

A

intrinsic: 12, 11, 9, 8 (2), 10

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2
Q

PT

A

extrinsic: 7, 10

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3
Q

what does vWF carry?

A

factor 8

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4
Q

hemophilia A

A

factor 8 def

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5
Q

hemophilia B

A

factor 9 def

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6
Q

where do you see eosinophils?

A

NAACP (morpheus is in the NCAAP). Neoplasm, Asthma, Allergic, Collagen vascular disease, Parasites

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7
Q

Basophile granues contain

A

heparin, histamine, leukotrienes

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8
Q

warfarin mech

A

inhibits epoxide reductase to block vitamin k reduction. needed to make factor 2,7, 9, 10, C/S

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9
Q

vitamin enteric bacteria make for coagulation

A

vitamin k

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10
Q

factor 5 leiden

A

factor 5 is resistant to C/S (8 is still sensitive)

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11
Q

Heparin mechanism

A

activates antithrombin

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12
Q

antithrombin activity

A

inhibits activated form of factor 2, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12

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13
Q

vWF binds to ______ on endothelium

A

collagen

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14
Q

Plates binds to ______ on endothelium with ________

A

vWF, Gp1B

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15
Q

Plates release ______ after binding endothelium

A

ADP and Ca (ADP promotes coagulation)

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16
Q

Plates bind each other via

A

GpIIb/IIIa to fibrinogen

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17
Q

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia

A

lack of GpIIb/IIIa

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18
Q

abciximab

A

blocks GpIIb/IIIa

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19
Q

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

A

lack of GpIb

20
Q

Thrombomodulin

A

activates protein c/s

21
Q

ERS increased in

A

infxn, immune activation, neoplasm, ulcerative colitis, pregnancy

22
Q

ERS decreased in

A

polycythemia, sickle cell, CHF, microcytosis, hypofibrinogen (any perturb to blood componenets)

23
Q

Acanthocyte

A

spiny cell. liver disease (cholesterol dysregulation)

24
Q

basophilic stippling

A

thalassemia, anemia of chronic disease, lead poisoning

25
Q

bite cell

A

G6PD def

26
Q

schistocyte

A

RBC frag. DIC, TTP/HURS, mechanical destruction

27
Q

target cell

A

microcytosis, HbC, Asplenia, thalassemia

28
Q

Heinz bodies

A

G6DP, Thalassemia. oxidized iron precipates

29
Q

Howel-Jolly bodies

A

nuclear remnants in RBCs seen in asplenia and mothball ingestion

30
Q

Iron defiecency anemia findings

A

microcytosis, esophageal webs, low ferritin, high TBIC (weird)

31
Q

alpha thalassemia

A

all 4 = fatal. 3 = HbH disease. Cis = asian. trans = african

32
Q

beta thalassemia mech and population

A

splice site/promotoer mutations. in mediterranean populations

33
Q

beta thalassemia minor vs major

A

minor is heterozygote and has little effect. major is severe and needs transfusions.

34
Q

crew cut x-ray

A

ectopic blood production = severe thalassemia (beta major)

35
Q

Lead poisoning molecular

A

inhibs ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase (heme syn)

inhibits rRNA degradation -> basophilic stippling

36
Q

Lead symptoms and treatment

A

MICROCYTIC: LEAD Sucks: Lead Lines on gingivae and long bones, Encephalopathy/Erythroyte basophilic stippling, Abdominal colic/sideroblastic Anemia, Drop wrist/foot
Treat with EDTA (1st line), Dimercaprol, SUCcimer

37
Q

Sideroblastic anemia causes

A

MICROCYTIC: Hereditary: x-linked delta-ALA synthase

Reversible : alcohol, lead, isoiazid

38
Q

Iron laden mitochondria

A

sideroblastic anemia

39
Q

siderblastic anemia blood test for iron, TIBC, and ferritin. and treatment

A

high iron, normal TIBC, high ferritin. treat with pyridoxine B6 (cofactor for delta-ALA synthase)

40
Q

megaloblastic anemia deficiencies and differences between them

A

folate def (normal mehtymalonic acid), B12 deficiency (high methylmalonic acid). cause both are needed to make dNTPs but only B12 used to convert methylmalonate-coA

41
Q

features of macrocytic anemias

A

hypersegmented neutrophiles, macrocytosis, glossitis

42
Q

sxm of B12 def

A

anemia, CNS degradation (particularly of the spinal tracts)

43
Q

etiologies of folate deficency:

A

malnutrition, alcohol, malabsorption, antifolates (methotrexate, thrimethoprim, phenytoin) or higher need (pregnancy, hemolytic anemia)

44
Q

etiologies of B12 defiencey

A

intake (vegans), malabsorb (crohns), pernicious anemia (intrinsic factor deficency) Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm), proton pump inhibitor

45
Q

orotic aciduria anemia

A

megaloblastic anemia due to inability to convert orotic acid to uridine. treat with uridine monophosphate.

Step Uno (30 decks)

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