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Step Uno > I'm HIV+ > Flashcards

I'm HIV+ Flashcards

1
Q

env

A

is gp160, cleaved into gp120 (CD4 attachment) and gp41 (fusion and entry)

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2
Q

gag

A

capsid (aka p24)

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3
Q

pol

A

reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase

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4
Q

what cells does HIV infect?

A

CD4 and marcrophages

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5
Q

what does HIV bind to?

A 
Helper T (CD4): CCR5 (early) and CXCR4 (late) 
Macrophage: CD4 + CCR5
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6
Q

HIV immunity gene

A

homozygous CCR5 mutation is immune. heterozygous is slower course

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7
Q

how to test for HIV?

A

1st: ELISA (sensitive)
2nd: Western (specific)
3rd: PCR (test viral load)

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8
Q

how many months may a baby test HIV + after birth from a HIV mother?

A

two months till the antibodies clear

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9
Q

AIDS definition

A

Cd4 less than 200 or hiv and defining illness or hiv and ratio 4:8 is less than 1.5

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10
Q

immunocompromised vs AIDS

A

Ic is cd4 less than 400

Aids is 200

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11
Q

stages of HIV

A

Four Fs. Flu-like (acute), Feeling good (replication in lymph nodes), Falling count, Final crisis

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12
Q

HIV: low grade fever, cough, hepatosplenomegaly, tongue ulcer. oval yeast cells within macrophages

A

Histoplasma capsulatum (not just in lungs unlike reg people)

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13
Q

HIV: fluffy white cottage-cheese lesions in mouth or even esophagous if bad. pseudohyphae.

A

Candida albicans (thrush)

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14
Q

HIV: superficial vascular proliferation, neutrophilic inflammation on skin.

A

bartonella henselae (angiomas)

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15
Q

HIV: chronic watery diarrhea. acid fast cysts in stool

A

Cryptosporidium spp.

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16
Q

HIV: encephalopathy. demyelination.

A

JC virus causing PML

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17
Q

HIV: brain abscess. “ring-enhancing lesions”

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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18
Q

HIV: meningitis. India ink shows yeast with narrow-based budding large capsule

A

cryptococcus neoformans

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19
Q

HIV: retinitis, cotton-wool spots on funduscopic exam. esophagitis too

A

CMV

20
Q

HIV: dementia

A

HIV can do that all by itself

21
Q

HIV: superficial neoplasic proliferation of vasculature. lymphocytic inflammation

A

HHV-8 (kaposi sarcoma)

22
Q

HIV: hairy leukoplakia

A

EBV

23
Q

HIV: Non-Hodgkins lymphoma (large cell) in Waleyer’s ring

A

EBV

24
Q

HIV: Squamous cell carcinoma of anus or cervix

A

HPV

25
Q

HIV: primary CNS lymphoma

A

EBV but must distinguish from toxoplasma

26
Q

HIV: interstitial pneumonia with intranuclear inclusion bodies. “owl eyes”

A

CMV

27
Q

HIV: pleuritic pain, hemoptysis, infiltrates on imaging

A

invasive aspergillosis

28
Q

HIV: general pneumonia (most common)

A

Pneuocystis jirovecii

29
Q

HIV: tuberculosis-like disease with CD4

A

mycobacterium avium

30
Q

prophylaxis for HIV

A

TMP-SMX for anything >50. add azithromycin for

31
Q

Four classes of drugs used in HAART?

A

Protease inhibitors, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Integrase Inhibitors

32
Q

What combo of drugs are needed in HIV?

A

2 NRTIs + 1 of the others (pick one)

33
Q

name of the protease inhibitors

A

-navir (Navir tease a protease)

34
Q

mech of protease inhibs

A

inhibs the protease function of pol to make functional components of HIV

35
Q

Ritonavir toxicity

A

inhibits p-450

36
Q

general toxicity of protease inhibitors

A

hyperglycermia, GI intolerance, lipodystrophy

37
Q

toxicity of indinavir

A

nephropathy, hematuria

38
Q

NRTI names (7)

A

(-vudine) Lamivudine, Zidovudine, Stavudine

(and others) Tenofovir, Abacavir, Emtricitabine, Didanosine

39
Q

NRTI work how?

A

lack 3’ OH so they are chain terminators. they are nucleosides so they require phosphorylation

40
Q

which NRTI doesn’t require phosphorylation?

A

Tenofovir (it is a nucleotide)

41
Q

which NRTI is used in pregnancy to prevent fetal transmission?

A

ZDV (zidovudine)

42
Q

NRTI tox

A

bone marrow suppresion, peripheral nueopathy, lactic acidosis, rash

43
Q

NNRTI mechanism

A

bind RT at non active site and thus don’t need phospho (they aren’t nucleosides)

44
Q

NNRTIs names

A

nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavirdine

45
Q

Integrase inhibitors name and mech

A

Raltegravir. inhibs HIV integrase

46
Q

Raltegravir tox

A

hypercholesterolemia

47
Q

copies of genome in HIV

A

diploid RNA

Step Uno (30 decks)

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