Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step Uno > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

penicillin mechanism

A

inactivates transpeptidase from cross-linking peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

penicillin clinical use

A 
gram positive (Strep pneumo, Staph pyogenes, Actinomyces)
Gram negative (Neisseria meningitis, treponema palladium)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

penicillin reistance mechs

A

altered penicillin binding proteins (MRSA) and beta-lacatamases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin: what are they, uses?

A

beta-lactamase resistant cause R group. use for Staph aureus except for MRSA (use naf for staph”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ampicillin, amoxicillin are what?

A

extended spectrum penicillin (still penicillinase sensitive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam (CAST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ampicillin amoxicilin uses

A

same as penicillin but also HELPSS: H flu, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ampicillin and amoxicillin toxicity

A

ampicillin rash, pseudomembranous colitis (C diff)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ticarcillin, piperaciliin

A

anti-pseudomonals (lactamse sensitive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cephalosporin mechanism

A

they are beta lactams that are penicillinase resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

1st gen cephalosporins

A

cefazolin, cephalexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1st gen cephalosporin uses

A

PEcK: proteusmirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2nd gen cephalosporin names

A

cefoxitin, cefaclor, cefuroxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2nd gen cephalosporin uses

A

gram + cocci, HEN PEcKS: H flu, Enterbacter aerogenes, Neisseria, Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Serratia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3rd gen Cephalosporins

A

ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3rd gen cephalosporin uses

A

serious gram negative infxns. ceftriaxone: neisseria. ceftazidime: pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

4th gen cephalosporin name and use

A

cefepime, pseudomonas and gram positives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

toxicity of cephalosporins

A

vitamin k def, nephrotox when used with aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what can be used synergistically with beta-lactams?

A

aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

aztreonam mech and use

A

monobactam (a beta lactam resistant to degradation). only Gram negative rods and used in patients who can tolerate other stuff cause this has low toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem mech

A

broad spectrum beta lactam that is resistant to degrad. give with cilastatin to prevent inactivation in kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem use

A

kills almost everything: gram + cocci, gram - rods, and anaerobes. but lots of sides so only use in life-threatening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem tox

A

Gi distress, skin rash, CNS tox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

vancomycin mechanism

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to D-ala D-ala portion of precursor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

vancomycin uses

A

gram + only for serious drug-reistant bugs including MRSA, Enterococci, and C diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

vancomycin toxicity

A

NOT: nephrotox, ototox, thrombophlebitis

and Redman!!! causes diffuse flushing which can be treated with antihistamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

vancomycin resistance

A

D-ala D-ala changes to D-ala D-lac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

which drugs hit 30S vs 50S

A

buy AT 30, CCEL at 50

30: Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines
50: Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Linezolid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Aminoglycosides (names)

A

GNATS: gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

drug given with bowel surgery

A

neomycin (aminoglycoside)

31
Q

aminoglycoside mechanism

A

bind 30S and inhibits formation of initiation complex and misreading of mRNA/translocation

32
Q

aminoglycoside uptake

A

requires ATP and oxygen. does not kill anaerobes

33
Q

aminoglycoside use

A

synergistic with beta lactams, used for severe gram - rods

34
Q

aminoglycoside toxicity

A

NNOT: nephrotoxicity (worse with cephalosporine), neuromuscular blockade, otoxicity (worse with furosimide), teratogen

35
Q

aminoglycoside resistance

A

transferase enzymes inactivate it by PTMs

36
Q

aminoglycoside mneumonic

A

Mean (aminoglyco) GNATS (names) caNNOT (tox) kill anaerobes

37
Q

tetracyclin names

A

tetracycline, doxycyclin, demeclocycline, minocycline

38
Q

tetracycline mechanism

A

bind 30S to prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA.

39
Q

tetracycline clinical notes (not targets but indications)

A

fecally eliminated (so for renal failure), no CNS penetrance, don’t take with milk/antacids/iron or it won’t be absorbed.

40
Q

tetracycline uses (bugs)

A

borrelia burgdorferi, Mycobacterium pneumoniae, and it accumulates intracellularly so very effective against rickettsia and chlfamydia

41
Q

tetracycline toxicity

A

GI distress, discoloration of teeth and retardation of bone growht in children, photosensitivity

42
Q

tetracycline resistance mech

A

decrease uptake or increase efflux

43
Q

Macrolides (names)

A

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin (-thromycin)

44
Q

macrolide mechanism

A

blocks ribosome slide (macroslide) by bindings 23S of 50S

45
Q

macrolide uses

A

atypical pneumonias (mycoplasma, legionella), Chlamydia, and gram + cocci (for penicillin allergy)

46
Q

macrolide toxicities

A

MACRO: motility issues, arrhthymia, cholestatic hepatitis, rash, eOsinophilia. also increases theophylline/anticoag serum concentration

47
Q

macrolide resistance mech

A

methylation of 23S rRNA binding site

48
Q

Chloramphenicol mech

A

blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S

49
Q

chloramphenicol use

A

Meningiits (H flu, N meningitidis, S pneumo).

it sucks cause of tox but is cheap as fuck

50
Q

chloramphenicol tox

A

anemia (dose dependent), aplastic anemia (dose dependent), gray baby syndrome

51
Q

Clindamycin mech

A

blocks peptide transfer at 50S

52
Q

clindamycin use

A

anaerobic infections, aspiration pneumonia. however may cause C diff

53
Q

treating anaerobes

A

above diaphram: clindamycin

below diaphram: metronidazole

54
Q

TMP-SMX name and mech

A

Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim. they block different steps in bacterial folate (THF to DNA) synthesis

55
Q

sulfonamides tox

A

like SMX. hypersen, hemolysis in G6PD, nephrotox, phototox, kernicterus in infant, displaces other drugs from albumin

56
Q

TMP-SMX use

A

UTIs, Shigella, Salmonella, Pneumocystis jiroveciii

57
Q

Fluoroquinolones and quinolone (names)

A

Ciprofloxacin (all -floxacin) and the one quinolone (nalidixic acid)

58
Q

Flouroquinolone mechanism

A

inhibits dna gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV

59
Q

Fluoroquinolone use

A

gram - rods of urinary and GI tract, pseudo, neisseria

60
Q

Fluoroquinolone tox

A

tendon rupture, tendonitis, superinfxn, skin rash, gi upset

61
Q

fluoroquinolone resistance

A

chromosome via DNA gyras muts, or plasmid via efflux pumps

62
Q

metronidazole mech

A

forms free radicals that damage DNA

63
Q

metronidazole uses

A

kills bacteria and protozoa! GET GAP: giardia, entamoeba, trichomonas, gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobes, h Pylori

64
Q

Penicillin G vs V

A

G is IV/IM, V is oral

65
Q

treatment for mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

prophylaxis: isoniazid
treatment: RIPE: Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

66
Q

Isoniazid mech

A

decreases mycolic acid synth. bacterial catalase-peroxidase (KatG) needed to covert to active form.

67
Q

Isoniazid side efects

A

INH Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes. B6 (pyridoxine) to prevent.

68
Q

Rifampin mechanism

A

inhibits DNA-dependent RNA pol

69
Q

Rifampin uses

A

TB, leprosy, meningococcal/h flu prophylaxis

70
Q

Rifampin tox

A

activates P-450, Orange body fluids

71
Q

RRRRifampin

A

RNA pol inhib, Revs up P-450, Red/orange body fluids, Rapid resistance if used alone

72
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

mech unclear, helps acidicify phagolysosome (which MB sulfatides block)

73
Q

Ethambutol

A

decreasese carbohydrate polymerization in mycobacterium cell wall (arabinosyltransferase). may cause optic neuropathy/color blindness

Step Uno (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions