Renal Drugs

Question 1

Mannitol: mechanism and use

Answer 1

osmotic diuretic. decreases ICP and intraocular pressure. used in drug overdose as well.

Question 2

Mannitol: toxicity

Answer 2

pulmonary edema, dehydration. contraindicated in anuria, CHF

Question 3

Acetazolamide mech and use

Answer 3

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, diuresis with NaHCO3. used in glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness

Question 4

acetazolamide toxicity

Answer 4

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (gap), paresthesia, ammonium tox, sulfa allergy

Question 5

Furosemide mechanism

Answer 5

loop diuretic that blocks the triporter of the ascending loop, abolishing hypertonicity of medulla. loss of Calcium. also stims PGE release so give NSAID

Question 6

Furosemide sides

Answer 6

OH DANG: Ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy (this is a sulfa drug), Nephritis, Gout

Question 7

Furosemide uses

Answer 7

edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic, pulm edema) hypertension, hypercalcemia

Question 8

Ethacrynic acid

Answer 8

the non-sulfa loop diuretic. only difference is it makes gout worse.

Question 9

Hydrochlorothiazide mechanism

Answer 9

inhibits NaCl reabsoption in early distal tubule, decreased calcium excretion

Question 10

hydrochlorothiazide uses

Answer 10

hypertension, chf, idiopathic urine calcium loss, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 11

Hydrochlorothiazide side effects

Answer 11

Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis and hyperGLUC (hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia, and hyperCalcemia). ALSO IS A SULFA

Question 12

K sparing diuretics names

Answer 12

Spirnolactone, Triamterne, Amiloride (the K STAys)

Question 13

mechanism of k sparing diuretics

Answer 13

spirnolactone is aldosterone receptor blocker, while triamterene and amiloride both block the sodium channel downstream of aldosterone

Question 14

Spironolactone side effects

Answer 14

endocrine effects: gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects

Question 15

ACE inhibitors names

Answer 15

captopril,enalapril, lisinopril

Question 16

ACE inhibitor mech

Answer 16

no ATII = down GFR cause no efferent constriction. no inactivation of bradykinin (so vasodilation)

Question 17

angiotensin ii recptor blockers

Answer 17

-sartans. same as ace but no bradykinin effect so no cough or angioedema

Question 18

ace inhibitor use

Answer 18

hypertension, chf, proteinuria

Question 19

ace inhibitor toxicity

Answer 19

Captopril’s CATCHH: Cough, Angioedema, Teratogen, Creatinine increase, Hyperkalemia, Hypotension. Also don’t use in renal artery stenosis cause it further decreaese GFR

Question 20

Diabetes inspidous rx

Answer 20

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 21

Treatment for idiopathic urine calcium loss

Answer 21

Hctz