Respiratory Chapter Flashcards
functions as a passageway for air and food, provides a resonating chamber for speech sounds, and houses the tonsils.
pharynx
site of external respiration
alveoli
connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea; houses the vocal cords
larynx
serous membrane that surrounds the lungs
pleura
functions in warming, moistening, and filtering air; receives olfactory stimuli; is a resonating chamber for sound
nose
simple squamous epithelial cells that form a continuous lining of the alveolar wall; sites of gas exchange
type 1 alveolar cells
forms anterior wall of the larynx
thyroid cartilage
a tubular passageway for air connecting the larynx to the bronchi
trachea
secrete alveolar fluid and surfactant
type II alveolar cells
forms inferior wall of larynx; landmark for tracheotomy
cricoid cartilage
prevents food or fluid from entering the airways
epiglottis
air passageways entering the lungs
bronchi
ridge covered by a sensitive mucous membrane; irritation triggers cough reflex.
carina
Match the following types of breathing: deficiency of oxygen at the tissue level
hypoxia
Match the following types of breathing; above-normal partial pressure of carbon dioxide
hypercapnia
Match the following types of breathing; normal quiet breathing
eupnea
Match the following types of breathing; deep, abdominal breathing
diaphragmatic breathing
Match the following types of breathing; the ease with which the lungs and thoracic wall can be expanded
compliance
Match the following types of breathing: hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction to divert pulmonary blood from poorly ventilated to well-ventilated regions of the lungs
ventilation-perfusion coupling
Match the following types of breathing; absence of breathing
apnea
Match the following types of breathing: rapid and deep breathing
hyperventilation
Match the following types of breathing: shallow, chest breathing
costal breathing
total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute
minute ventilation
tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume
vital capacity
additional amount of air inhaled beyond tidal volume when taking a very deep breath
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
residual volume + expiratory reserve volume
functional residual volume
amount of air remaining in lungs after expiratory reserve volume is expelled
residual volume
tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
inspiratory capacity
vital capacity + residual volume
total lung capacity
volume of air in one breath
tidal volume
amount of air exhaled in forced exhalation
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
provides a medical and legal tool for determining if a baby was born dead or died after birth
minimal volume
prevents excessive inflation of the lungs
pneumotaxic area
The lower the amount of oxyhemoglobin, the higher the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood
Haldane effect
controls the basic rhythm of respiration
medullary rhythmicity area
active during normal inhalation; sends nerve impulses to external intercostals and diaphragm
inspiratory area
sends stimulatory impulses to the inspiratory area that activate it and prolong inhalation
apneustic area
as acidity increases, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen decreases and oxygen dissociates more readily from hemoglobin; shifts oxygen-dissociation curve to the right.
Bohr effect
active during forceful exhalation
expiratory area
pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container
Boyle’s law
transmits inhibitory impulses to turn off the inspiratory area before the lungs become too full of air
pneumotaxic area
the quantity of a gas that dissolves in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility
Henry’s law
relates to the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases whereby each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure as if all the other gases were not present
Dalton’s law
prevents excessive inflation of the lungs
Hering–Breuer inflation reflex
