Renal Chapter Flashcards
The renal corpuscle consists of the [a] and [b] .
glomerulus, glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
Discharge of urine from the urinary bladder is called _________ .
micturition
The most superficial region of the internal kidney is the renal medulla. t/f
False- The most superficial region of the internal kidney is the renal CORTEX.
When dilute urine is being formed, the osmolarity of the fluid in the tubular lumen increases as it flows down the descending limb of the loop of Henle, decreases as it flows up the ascending limb, and continues to decrease as it flows through the rest of the nephron and collecting duct.
True
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to the pressures that determine net filtration pressure.
true
Angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide help regulate GFR.
true
Mechanisms that regulate GFR work by adjusting blood flow into and out of the glomerulus and by altering the glomerular capillary surface area available for filtration.
true
GFR increases when blood flow into glomerular capillaries decreases.
false
Normally, GFR increases very little when systemic blood pressure rises.
true
Which of the following hormones affect Na+, Cl − , and water reabsorption and K+ secretion by the renal tubules? (1) angiotensin II, (2) aldosterone, (3) ADH, (4) atrial natriuretic peptide, (5) thyroid hormone.
(1) angiotensin II, (2) aldosterone, (3) ADH, (4) atrial natriuretic peptide,
Which of the following are features of the renal corpuscle that enhance its filtering capacity? (1) large glomerular capillary surface area, (2) thick, selectively permeable filtration membrane, (3) high capsular hydrostatic pressure, (4) high glomerular capillary pressure, (5) mesangial cells regulating the filtering surface area.
1) large glomerular capillary surface area, (4) high glomerular capillary pressure, (5) mesangial cells regulating the filtering surface area.
Given the following values, calculate the net filtration pressure: (1) glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure = 40 mmHg, (2) capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg, (3) blood colloid osmotic pressure = 30 mmHg.
0 mmHg
The micturition reflex (1) is initiated by stretch receptors in the ureters, (2) relies on parasympathetic impulses from the micturition center in S2 and S3, (3) results in contraction of the detrusor muscle, (4) results in contraction of the internal urethral sphincter muscle, (5) inhibits motor neurons in the external urethral sphincter.
(1) is initiated by stretch receptors in the ureters, (2) relies on parasympathetic impulses from the micturition center in S2 and S3, (3) results in contraction of the detrusor muscle, (5) inhibits motor neurons in the external urethral sphincter.
Which of the following are mechanisms that control GFR? (1) renal autoregulation, (2) neural regulation, (3) hormonal regulation, (4) chemical regulation of ions, (5) presence or absence of a transporter.
(1) renal autoregulation, (2) neural regulation, (3) hormonal regulation,
route of blood flow through the kidney, Starting at the renal artery and ending at the renal vein
Renal artery, Segmental Artery, Interlobar arteries, Arcuate Arteries, Interlobular Arteries, Affarent Arteriole, Glumeruli, Efferent Arteriole, Peritubular Capillaries, Vasa Recta, Peritubular Venules, Interlobular Veins, Arcuate Veins, Interlobar Veins, Renal Vein
Route the filtrate flow in the correct order from its origin to the ureter
proximal convoluted tubule descending limb of loop of Henle ascending limb of loop of Henle distal convoluted tubule collecting duct papillary duct minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis
cells in the last portion of the distal convoluted tubule and in the collecting ducts; regulated by ADH and aldosterone
principal cells
a capillary network lying in the glomerular capsule and functioning in filtration
glomerulus
the functional unit of the kidney
nephron
drains into a collecting duct
distal convoluted tubule
combined glomerulus and glomerular capsule; where plasma is filtered
renal corpuscle
the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule consisting of modified simple squamous epithelial cells
podocytes
Cells of the final portion of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle that make contact with the afferent arteriole
macula densa
site of obligatory water reabsorption
proximal convoluted tubule
pores in the glomerular endothelial cells that allow filtration of blood solutes but not blood cells and platelets
fenestrations
can secrete H + against a concentration gradient
intercalated cells
modified smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole
juxtaglomerular cells
measure of blood nitrogen resulting from the catabolism and deamination of amino acids
BUN test
produced from the catabolism of creatine phosphate in skeletal muscle
plasma creatinine
volume of blood that is cleared of a substance per unit of time
renal plasma clearance
can result from diabetes mellitus
glucosuria
insoluble stones of crystallized salts
renal caliculli
usually indicates a pathological condition
hematuria
lack of voluntary control of micturition
incontinence
can be caused by damage to the filtration membranes
albuminuria
membrane proteins that function as water channels
aquaporins
a secondary active transport process that achieves Na + reabsorption, returns filtered HCO 3 - and water to the peritubular capillaries, and secretes H +
Na+/H+ antiporters
stimulates principal cells to secrete more K + into tubular fluid and absorb more Na + and Cl − into tubular fluid
aldosterone
enzyme secreted by juxtaglomerular cells
renin
reduces glomerular filtration rate; increases blood volume and pressure
angiotensin II
inhibits Na + and H 2O reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
atrial natriuretic peptide
regulates facultative water reabsorption by increasing the water permeability of principal cells in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
ADH
reabsorb Na + together with a variety of other solutes
Na+ symporters
