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Anatomy and Physiology > Renal Chapter > Flashcards

Renal Chapter Flashcards

1
Q

The renal corpuscle consists of the [a] and [b] .

A

glomerulus, glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

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2
Q

Discharge of urine from the urinary bladder is called _________ .

A

micturition

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3
Q

The most superficial region of the internal kidney is the renal medulla. t/f

A

False- The most superficial region of the internal kidney is the renal CORTEX.

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4
Q

When dilute urine is being formed, the osmolarity of the fluid in the tubular lumen increases as it flows down the descending limb of the loop of Henle, decreases as it flows up the ascending limb, and continues to decrease as it flows through the rest of the nephron and collecting duct.

A

True

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5
Q

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to the pressures that determine net filtration pressure.

A

true

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6
Q

Angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide help regulate GFR.

A

true

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7
Q

Mechanisms that regulate GFR work by adjusting blood flow into and out of the glomerulus and by altering the glomerular capillary surface area available for filtration.

A

true

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8
Q

GFR increases when blood flow into glomerular capillaries decreases.

A

false

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9
Q

Normally, GFR increases very little when systemic blood pressure rises.

A

true

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10
Q

Which of the following hormones affect Na+, Cl − , and water reabsorption and K+ secretion by the renal tubules? (1) angiotensin II, (2) aldosterone, (3) ADH, (4) atrial natriuretic peptide, (5) thyroid hormone.

A

(1) angiotensin II, (2) aldosterone, (3) ADH, (4) atrial natriuretic peptide,

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11
Q

Which of the following are features of the renal corpuscle that enhance its filtering capacity? (1) large glomerular capillary surface area, (2) thick, selectively permeable filtration membrane, (3) high capsular hydrostatic pressure, (4) high glomerular capillary pressure, (5) mesangial cells regulating the filtering surface area.

A

1) large glomerular capillary surface area, (4) high glomerular capillary pressure, (5) mesangial cells regulating the filtering surface area.

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12
Q

Given the following values, calculate the net filtration pressure: (1) glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure = 40 mmHg, (2) capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg, (3) blood colloid osmotic pressure = 30 mmHg.

A

0 mmHg

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13
Q

The micturition reflex (1) is initiated by stretch receptors in the ureters, (2) relies on parasympathetic impulses from the micturition center in S2 and S3, (3) results in contraction of the detrusor muscle, (4) results in contraction of the internal urethral sphincter muscle, (5) inhibits motor neurons in the external urethral sphincter.

A

(1) is initiated by stretch receptors in the ureters, (2) relies on parasympathetic impulses from the micturition center in S2 and S3, (3) results in contraction of the detrusor muscle, (5) inhibits motor neurons in the external urethral sphincter.

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14
Q

Which of the following are mechanisms that control GFR? (1) renal autoregulation, (2) neural regulation, (3) hormonal regulation, (4) chemical regulation of ions, (5) presence or absence of a transporter.

A

(1) renal autoregulation, (2) neural regulation, (3) hormonal regulation,

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15
Q

route of blood flow through the kidney, Starting at the renal artery and ending at the renal vein

A

Renal artery, Segmental Artery, Interlobar arteries, Arcuate Arteries, Interlobular Arteries, Affarent Arteriole, Glumeruli, Efferent Arteriole, Peritubular Capillaries, Vasa Recta, Peritubular Venules, Interlobular Veins, Arcuate Veins, Interlobar Veins, Renal Vein

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16
Q

Route the filtrate flow in the correct order from its origin to the ureter

A 
proximal convoluted tubule
descending limb of loop of Henle
ascending limb of loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct
papillary duct
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
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17
Q

cells in the last portion of the distal convoluted tubule and in the collecting ducts; regulated by ADH and aldosterone

A

principal cells

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18
Q

a capillary network lying in the glomerular capsule and functioning in filtration

A

glomerulus

19
Q

the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

20
Q

drains into a collecting duct

A

distal convoluted tubule

21
Q

combined glomerulus and glomerular capsule; where plasma is filtered

A

renal corpuscle

22
Q

the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule consisting of modified simple squamous epithelial cells

A

podocytes

23
Q

Cells of the final portion of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle that make contact with the afferent arteriole

A

macula densa

24
Q

site of obligatory water reabsorption

A

proximal convoluted tubule

25
Q

pores in the glomerular endothelial cells that allow filtration of blood solutes but not blood cells and platelets

A

fenestrations

26
Q

can secrete H + against a concentration gradient

A

intercalated cells

27
Q

modified smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole

A

juxtaglomerular cells

28
Q

measure of blood nitrogen resulting from the catabolism and deamination of amino acids

A

BUN test

29
Q

produced from the catabolism of creatine phosphate in skeletal muscle

A

plasma creatinine

30
Q

volume of blood that is cleared of a substance per unit of time

A

renal plasma clearance

31
Q

can result from diabetes mellitus

A

glucosuria

32
Q

insoluble stones of crystallized salts

A

renal caliculli

33
Q

usually indicates a pathological condition

A

hematuria

34
Q

lack of voluntary control of micturition

A

incontinence

35
Q

can be caused by damage to the filtration membranes

A

albuminuria

36
Q

membrane proteins that function as water channels

A

aquaporins

37
Q

a secondary active transport process that achieves Na + reabsorption, returns filtered HCO 3 - and water to the peritubular capillaries, and secretes H +

A

Na+/H+ antiporters

38
Q

stimulates principal cells to secrete more K + into tubular fluid and absorb more Na + and Cl − into tubular fluid

A

aldosterone

39
Q

enzyme secreted by juxtaglomerular cells

A

renin

40
Q

reduces glomerular filtration rate; increases blood volume and pressure

A

angiotensin II

41
Q

inhibits Na + and H 2O reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts

A

atrial natriuretic peptide

42
Q

regulates facultative water reabsorption by increasing the water permeability of principal cells in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts

A

ADH

43
Q

reabsorb Na + together with a variety of other solutes

A

Na+ symporters

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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