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Anatomy and Physiology > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The external boundary between the atria and ventricles is the

A

coronary sulcus

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2
Q

EKG to their descriptions: indicates ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

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3
Q

EKG to their descriptions: represents the time from the beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization

A

Q-T interval

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4
Q

EKG to their descriptions: represents atrial depolarization

A

P wave

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5
Q

EKG to their descriptions: represents the time when the ventricular contractile fibers are fully depolarized; occurs during the plateau phase of the action potential

A

S-T segment

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6
Q

EKG to their descriptions:represents the onset of ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

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7
Q

EKG to their descriptions:represents the conduction time from the beginning of atrial excitation to the beginning of ventricular excitation

A

P-Q interval

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8
Q

major branch from the ascending aorta; passes inferior to the left auricle

A

left coronary artery

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9
Q

lies in the posterior interventricular sulcus; supplies the walls of the ventricles with oxygenated blood

A

posterior interventricular branch

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10
Q

located in the coronary sulcus on the posterior surface of the heart; receives most of the deoxygenated blood from the myocardium

A

coronary sinus

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11
Q

lies in the coronary sulcus; supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of the right ventricle

A

marginal branch

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12
Q

lies in the coronary sulcus; drains the right atrium and right ventricle

A

small cardiac vein

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13
Q

major branch from the ascending aorta; lies inferior to the right auricle

A

right coronary artery

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14
Q

lies in the posterior interventricular sulcus; drains the right and left ventricles

A

middle cardiac vein

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15
Q

lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus; supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of both ventricles

A

anterior interventricular branch (left anterior descending artery

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16
Q

lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus; drains the walls of both ventricles and the left atrium

A

great cardiac vein

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17
Q

lies in the coronary sulcus; supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of the left ventricle and left atrium

A

circumflex branch

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18
Q

drain the right ventricle and open directly into the right atrium

A

anterior cardiac veins

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19
Q

collects oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation

A

left atrium

20
Q

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation

A

right ventricle

21
Q

their contraction pulls on and tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing the valve cusps from everting

A

papillary muscles

22
Q

cardiac muscle tissue

A

myocardium

23
Q

increase blood-holding capacity of the atria

A

auricles

24
Q

tendonlike cords connected to the atrioventricular valve cusps which, along with the papillary muscles, prevent valve eversion

A

chordae tendineae

25
Q

the superficial dense irregular connective tissue covering of the heart

A

fibrous pericardium

26
Q

outer layer of the serous pericardium; is fused to the fibrous pericardium

A

parietal pericardium

27
Q

endothelial cells lining the interior of the heart; are continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels

A

endocardium

28
Q

pumps oxygenated blood to all body cells, except the air sacs of the lungs

A

left ventricle

29
Q

prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium

A

tricuspid valve

30
Q

collects deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation

A

right atrium

31
Q

left atrioventricular valve

A

bicuspid valve

32
Q

the remnant of the foramen ovale, an opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart

A

fossa ovalis

33
Q

blood vessels that pierce the heart muscle and supply blood to the cardiac muscle fibers

A

coronary circulation

34
Q

grooves on the surface of the heart which delineate the external boundaries between the chambers

A

sulci

35
Q

prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles

A

semilunar valves

36
Q

internal wall dividing the chambers of the heart

A

septum

37
Q

separate the upper and lower heart chambers, preventing backflow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria

A

atrioventriclular valves

38
Q

inner visceral layer of the pericardium; adheres tightly to the surface of the heart

A

epicardum

39
Q

amount of blood contained in the ventricles at the end of ventricular relaxation

A

end-diastolic volume

40
Q

period of time when cardiac muscle fibers are contracting and exerting force but not shortening

A

isovolumetric contraction

41
Q

amount of blood ejected per beat by each ventricle

A

stroke volume

42
Q

amount of blood remaining in the ventricles following ventricular contraction

A

end-systolic volume

43
Q

difference between a person’s maximum cardiac output and cardiac output at rest

A

cardiac reserve

44
Q

period of time when semilunar valves are open and blood flows out of the ventricles

A

ventricular ejection

45
Q

period when all four valves are closed and ventricular blood volume does not change

A

isovolumetric relaxation

46
Q

This law of the heart equalizes the output of the right and left ventricles and keeps the same volume of blood flowing to both systemic and pulmonary circuits

A

STARLING LAW OF THE HEART

47
Q

this term refers to the pressure that must be overcome before semilunar valves can open

A

afterload

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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