Blood Flashcards
Homework and Quizes
Plasma minus its clotting proteins is termed _________ .
SERUM
________ is the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot that helps to bring the edges of a damaged vessel closer together.
clot retraction
Hemoglobin functions in transporting both oxygen and carbon dioxide and in regulating blood pressure. t/f
True
The most numerous white blood cells in a differential white blood cell count of a healthy individual are the neutrophils. t/f
True
Which of the following are not required for clot formation? (1) vitamin K, (2) calcium, (3) prostacyclin, (4) plasmin, (5) fibrinogen.
3 and 4
Place the steps involved in hemostasis in the correct order. (1) conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, (2) conversion of prothrombin into thrombin, (3) adhesion and aggregation of platelets on damaged vessel, (4) prothrombinase formed by extrinsic or intrinsic pathway, (5) reduction of blood loss by initiation of a vascular spasm.
5, 3, 4, 2, 1
Which of the following statements explain why red blood cells (RBCs) are highly specialized for oxygen transport? (1) RBCs contain hemoglobin. (2) RBCs lack a nucleus. (3) RBCs have many mitochondria and thus generate ATP aerobically. (4) The biconcave shape of RBCs provides a large surface area for the inward and outward diffusion of gas molecules. (5) RBCs can carry up to four oxygen molecules for each hemoglobin molecule.
1, 2, 4, and 5
(1) RBCs contain hemoglobin. (2) RBCs lack a nucleus. ( 3) RBCs DO NOT have many mitochondria and thus DO NOT generate ATP aerobically. (4) The biconcave shape of RBCs provides a large surface area for the inward and outward diffusion of gas molecules. (5) RBCs can carry up to four oxygen molecules for each hemoglobin molecule.
Which of the following are true? (1) White blood cells leave the bloodstream by emigration. (2) Adhesion molecules help white blood cells stick to the endothelium, which aids emigration. (3) Neutrophils and macrophages are active in phagocytosis. (4) The attraction of phagocytes to microbes and inflamed tissue is termed chemotaxis. (5) Leucopenia is an increase in white blood cell count that occurs during infection.
1, 2, 3, and 4
(1) White blood cells leave the bloodstream by emigration. (2) Adhesion molecules help white blood cells stick to the endothelium, which aids emigration. (3) Neutrophils and macrophages are active in phagocytosis. (4) The attraction of phagocytes to microbes and inflamed tissue is termed chemotaxis. (5) Leucopenia is a DEcrease in white blood cell count that occurs during infection.
A person with type A Rh2 blood can receive a blood transfusion from which of the following types?
(1) A Rh+, (2) B Rh − , (3) AB Rh − , (4) O Rh − , (5) A Rh − .
4 and 5
A person with type B positive blood receives a transfusion of type AB positive blood. What will happen?
The recipient’s antibodies will react with the donor’s red blood cells.
What happens to the iron (Fe 3+) that is released during the breakdown of damaged red blood cells?
It attaches to transferrin and is transported to bone marrow for use in hemoglobin synthesis.
contain hemoglobin and function in gas transport
red blood cells
cell fragments enclosed by a piece of the cell membrane of megakaryocytes; contain clotting factors
platelets
individual forms of progenitor cells; named on the basis of the mature elements in blood they will ultimately produce
colony-forming units
White blood cell showing a kidney-shaped nucleus; capable of phagocytosis
monocytes
monocytes that roam the tissues and gather at sites of infection or inflammation
wandering macrophages
occur as B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells
lymphocytes
give rise to red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets
myeloid stem cells
combat the effects of histamine and other mediators of inflammation in allergic reactions; also phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes
eosinophils
respond to tissue destruction by bacteria; release lysozyme, strong oxidants, and defensins
neutrophils
older neutrophils with several differently shaped nuclear lobes
polymorphs
released from the red bone marrow, they develop into mature red blood cells
reticulocytes
give rise to lymphocytes
lymphoid stem cells
cells no longer capable of replenishing themselves; can only give rise to more specific formed elements of blood
progenitor cells
hormone that stimulates formation of platelets
THROMBOPOEITIN
monocytes that leave the blood and reside in a particular tissue such as alveolar macrophages in the lungs
fixed macrophages
involved in inflammatory and allergic reactions; are involved in hypersensitivity reactions
basophils
stimulate white blood cell formation
cytokines
cells that give rise to all the formed elements of blood; derived from mesenchyme
pluripotent stem cells
hormone that increases the numbers of red blood cell precursors
erythropoietin
tissue protein that leaks into the blood from cells outside blood vessels and initiates the formation of prothrombinase
THROMBOPLASTIN
an anticoagulant
HEPARIN
platelet hormone that stim-ulates repair of damaged vessel walls
platelet-derived growth factor
its formation is initiated by either the extrinsic or intrin-sic pathway or both; catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
prothrombinase
glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surfaces of red blood cells that can act as antigens
agglutinogens
forms the threads of a clot; produced from fibrinogen
fibrin
can dissolve a clot by digesting fibrin threads
plasmin
serves as the catalyst to form fibrin; formed from prothrombin
thrombin
percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells
hematocrit
percentage of each type of white blood cell
differential white blood cell count
measures numbers of RBCs, WBCs, platelets per μl of blood; hematocrit, and differential WBC count
complete blood count
measures the rate of erythropoiesis
reticulocyte count
withdrawal of blood from a vein using a needle and collecting tube
venipuncture
withdrawal of a small amount of red bone marrow with a fine needle and syringe
bone marrow aspiration
removal of a core of red bone marrow with a large needle
bone marrow biopsy
The buffy coat of centrifuged blood consists mainly of
a. the ejected nuclei of red blood cells
b. gamma globulins
c. ruptured red blood cells whose hemoglobin has sunk to the bottom
d. white blood cells and platelets
d. white blood cells and platelets
- _____ The formed elements that are fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes are
a. neutrophils c. erythrocytes
b. lymphocytes d. thrombocytes e. plasma proteins
thrombocytes
- _____ Type AB blood contains
a. only antibody a c. neither antibody A nor B
b. only antibody b d. both antibody A and B
c. neither antibody A nor B
Marker Molecules on RBC
ANTIGENS
Protien in plasma protein, assists in blood typing
antibodies
The clumping of blood- can help when determining blood typing
agglutination
The antigen in this group is the D antigen
RH system
