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Anatomy and Physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

Homework and Quizes

1
Q

Plasma minus its clotting proteins is termed _________ .

A

SERUM

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2
Q

________ is the consolidation or tightening of the fibrin clot that helps to bring the edges of a damaged vessel closer together.

A

clot retraction

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3
Q

Hemoglobin functions in transporting both oxygen and carbon dioxide and in regulating blood pressure. t/f

A

True

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4
Q

The most numerous white blood cells in a differential white blood cell count of a healthy individual are the neutrophils. t/f

A

True

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5
Q

Which of the following are not required for clot formation? (1) vitamin K, (2) calcium, (3) prostacyclin, (4) plasmin, (5) fibrinogen.

A

3 and 4

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6
Q

Place the steps involved in hemostasis in the correct order. (1) conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, (2) conversion of prothrombin into thrombin, (3) adhesion and aggregation of platelets on damaged vessel, (4) prothrombinase formed by extrinsic or intrinsic pathway, (5) reduction of blood loss by initiation of a vascular spasm.

A

5, 3, 4, 2, 1

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7
Q

Which of the following statements explain why red blood cells (RBCs) are highly specialized for oxygen transport? (1) RBCs contain hemoglobin. (2) RBCs lack a nucleus. (3) RBCs have many mitochondria and thus generate ATP aerobically. (4) The biconcave shape of RBCs provides a large surface area for the inward and outward diffusion of gas molecules. (5) RBCs can carry up to four oxygen molecules for each hemoglobin molecule.

A

1, 2, 4, and 5
(1) RBCs contain hemoglobin. (2) RBCs lack a nucleus. ( 3) RBCs DO NOT have many mitochondria and thus DO NOT generate ATP aerobically. (4) The biconcave shape of RBCs provides a large surface area for the inward and outward diffusion of gas molecules. (5) RBCs can carry up to four oxygen molecules for each hemoglobin molecule.

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8
Q

Which of the following are true? (1) White blood cells leave the bloodstream by emigration. (2) Adhesion molecules help white blood cells stick to the endothelium, which aids emigration. (3) Neutrophils and macrophages are active in phagocytosis. (4) The attraction of phagocytes to microbes and inflamed tissue is termed chemotaxis. (5) Leucopenia is an increase in white blood cell count that occurs during infection.

A

1, 2, 3, and 4
(1) White blood cells leave the bloodstream by emigration. (2) Adhesion molecules help white blood cells stick to the endothelium, which aids emigration. (3) Neutrophils and macrophages are active in phagocytosis. (4) The attraction of phagocytes to microbes and inflamed tissue is termed chemotaxis. (5) Leucopenia is a DEcrease in white blood cell count that occurs during infection.

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9
Q

A person with type A Rh2 blood can receive a blood transfusion from which of the following types?
(1) A Rh+, (2) B Rh − , (3) AB Rh − , (4) O Rh − , (5) A Rh − .

A

4 and 5

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10
Q

A person with type B positive blood receives a transfusion of type AB positive blood. What will happen?

A

The recipient’s antibodies will react with the donor’s red blood cells.

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11
Q

What happens to the iron (Fe 3+) that is released during the breakdown of damaged red blood cells?

A

It attaches to transferrin and is transported to bone marrow for use in hemoglobin synthesis.

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12
Q

contain hemoglobin and function in gas transport

A

red blood cells

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13
Q

cell fragments enclosed by a piece of the cell membrane of megakaryocytes; contain clotting factors

A

platelets

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14
Q

individual forms of progenitor cells; named on the basis of the mature elements in blood they will ultimately produce

A

colony-forming units

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15
Q

White blood cell showing a kidney-shaped nucleus; capable of phagocytosis

A

monocytes

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16
Q

monocytes that roam the tissues and gather at sites of infection or inflammation

A

wandering macrophages

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17
Q

occur as B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells

A

lymphocytes

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18
Q

give rise to red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets

A

myeloid stem cells

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19
Q

combat the effects of histamine and other mediators of inflammation in allergic reactions; also phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes

A

eosinophils

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20
Q

respond to tissue destruction by bacteria; release lysozyme, strong oxidants, and defensins

A

neutrophils

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21
Q

older neutrophils with several differently shaped nuclear lobes

A

polymorphs

22
Q

released from the red bone marrow, they develop into mature red blood cells

A

reticulocytes

23
Q

give rise to lymphocytes

A

lymphoid stem cells

24
Q

cells no longer capable of replenishing themselves; can only give rise to more specific formed elements of blood

A

progenitor cells

25
Q

hormone that stimulates formation of platelets

A

THROMBOPOEITIN

26
Q

monocytes that leave the blood and reside in a particular tissue such as alveolar macrophages in the lungs

A

fixed macrophages

27
Q

involved in inflammatory and allergic reactions; are involved in hypersensitivity reactions

A

basophils

28
Q

stimulate white blood cell formation

A

cytokines

29
Q

cells that give rise to all the formed elements of blood; derived from mesenchyme

A

pluripotent stem cells

30
Q

hormone that increases the numbers of red blood cell precursors

A

erythropoietin

31
Q

tissue protein that leaks into the blood from cells outside blood vessels and initiates the formation of prothrombinase

A

THROMBOPLASTIN

32
Q

an anticoagulant

A

HEPARIN

33
Q

platelet hormone that stim-ulates repair of damaged vessel walls

A

platelet-derived growth factor

34
Q

its formation is initiated by either the extrinsic or intrin-sic pathway or both; catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

A

prothrombinase

35
Q

glycoproteins and glycolipids on the surfaces of red blood cells that can act as antigens

A

agglutinogens

36
Q

forms the threads of a clot; produced from fibrinogen

A

fibrin

37
Q

can dissolve a clot by digesting fibrin threads

A

plasmin

38
Q

serves as the catalyst to form fibrin; formed from prothrombin

A

thrombin

39
Q

percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells

A

hematocrit

40
Q

percentage of each type of white blood cell

A

differential white blood cell count

41
Q

measures numbers of RBCs, WBCs, platelets per μl of blood; hematocrit, and differential WBC count

A

complete blood count

42
Q

measures the rate of erythropoiesis

A

reticulocyte count

43
Q

withdrawal of blood from a vein using a needle and collecting tube

A

venipuncture

44
Q

withdrawal of a small amount of red bone marrow with a fine needle and syringe

A

bone marrow aspiration

45
Q

removal of a core of red bone marrow with a large needle

A

bone marrow biopsy

46
Q

The buffy coat of centrifuged blood consists mainly of

a. the ejected nuclei of red blood cells
b. gamma globulins
c. ruptured red blood cells whose hemoglobin has sunk to the bottom
d. white blood cells and platelets

A

d. white blood cells and platelets

47
Q
  1. _____ The formed elements that are fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes are
    a. neutrophils c. erythrocytes
    b. lymphocytes d. thrombocytes e. plasma proteins
A

thrombocytes

48
Q
  1. _____ Type AB blood contains
    a. only antibody a c. neither antibody A nor B
    b. only antibody b d. both antibody A and B
A

c. neither antibody A nor B

49
Q

Marker Molecules on RBC

A

ANTIGENS

50
Q

Protien in plasma protein, assists in blood typing

A

antibodies

51
Q

The clumping of blood- can help when determining blood typing

A

agglutination

52
Q

The antigen in this group is the D antigen

A

RH system

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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