Lymphatic and Immune Chapter

Question 1

lymphatic nodules associated with mucous membranes of the digestive, urinary, reproductive, and respiratory systems.

Answer 1

mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

Question 2

responsible for the maturation of T cells

Answer 2

thymus

Question 3

the single largest mass of lymphatic tissue int he body; consists of red and white pulp.

Answer 3

spleeN

Question 4

clusters of lymphatic nodules involved in immune responses aginast inhaled or ingested foreign substances.

Answer 4

tonsil

Question 5

produces pre-T cells and B cells; found in flat bones and epiphyses of long bones

Answer 5

red bone marrow

Question 6

encapsulated bean-shaped structures located along the length of lymphatic vessels; contain T and B cells, macrophages, and follicular dendritic cells; filter lymph.

Answer 6

lymph nodes

Question 7

recognize foreign antigens combine with MHC-1 molecules on the surface of body cells infected by microbes, some tumor cells, and cells of a tissue transplant; display CD8 proteins.

Answer 7

cytotoxic T cell

Question 8

are programmed to recognize the reappearance of a previously encountered antigen.

Answer 8

memory T cells

Question 9

differentiate into plasma cells that secrete specific antibodies

Answer 9

B cells

Question 10

process and present exogenous antigens; include macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells

Answer 10

antigen-presenting cells

Question 11

secrete cytokines as costimulators; display CD4 proteins

Answer 11

helper T cells

Question 12

ingest microbes or any foreign particulate matter; include neutrophils and macrophages

Answer 12

phagocytes

Question 13

lymphocytes that have the ability to kill a wide variety of infectious microbes plus certain spontaneously arising tumor cells; lack antigen receptors.

Answer 13

NK (natural killer) cells

Question 14

Which of the following are functions of antibodies? (1) neutralization of antigens. (2) immobilization of bacteria, (3) agglutination and precipitation of antigens, (4) activation of complement, (5) enhancement of phagocytosis.

Answer 14

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 15

particpate in inflammation, opsonization and cytolysis, stimulate histamine release, attract neutrophils by chemotaxis, promote phagocytosis and destroy bacteria.

Answer 15

complement proteins

Question 16

glycoproteins that mark the surface of all body cells except for RBCs; distinguish self from nonself.

Answer 16

major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens

Question 17

foreign antigens present in fluids outside body cells

Answer 17

exogneous antigens

Question 18

foreign antigens synthesized within a body cell

Answer 18

endogenous antigens

Question 19

small protein hormones that stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions; serve as costimulators for B cell and T cell activity.

Answer 19

cytokines

Question 20

a substance that has reactivity but lacks immunogenicity.

Answer 20

hapten

Question 21

causes vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels; is found in mast cells in connective tissue and in basophils and platelets in blood.

Answer 21

histamine

Question 22

polypeptides formed in blood; induce vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels; serve as chemotactic agents for phagocytes

Answer 22

kinins

Question 23

released by damaged cells; intensify the effects of histamine and kinins

Answer 23

prostaglandins

Question 24

small parts of antigens that initiate immune responses

Answer 24

epitopes

Question 25

produced by virus-infected cells, they interfere with viral replication in host cells

Answer 25

interferons

Question 26

chemicals released by NK and cytotoxic T cells that can cause apoptosis in target cells.

Answer 26

granzymes

Question 27

glycoproteins that contain four polypeptide chains, two of which are identical to each other and two of which are variable and contain the antigen-binding site.

Answer 27

antibodies