Lymphatic and Immune Chapter Flashcards
lymphatic nodules associated with mucous membranes of the digestive, urinary, reproductive, and respiratory systems.
mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)
responsible for the maturation of T cells
thymus
the single largest mass of lymphatic tissue int he body; consists of red and white pulp.
spleeN
clusters of lymphatic nodules involved in immune responses aginast inhaled or ingested foreign substances.
tonsil
produces pre-T cells and B cells; found in flat bones and epiphyses of long bones
red bone marrow
encapsulated bean-shaped structures located along the length of lymphatic vessels; contain T and B cells, macrophages, and follicular dendritic cells; filter lymph.
lymph nodes
recognize foreign antigens combine with MHC-1 molecules on the surface of body cells infected by microbes, some tumor cells, and cells of a tissue transplant; display CD8 proteins.
cytotoxic T cell
are programmed to recognize the reappearance of a previously encountered antigen.
memory T cells
differentiate into plasma cells that secrete specific antibodies
B cells
process and present exogenous antigens; include macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells
antigen-presenting cells
secrete cytokines as costimulators; display CD4 proteins
helper T cells
ingest microbes or any foreign particulate matter; include neutrophils and macrophages
phagocytes
lymphocytes that have the ability to kill a wide variety of infectious microbes plus certain spontaneously arising tumor cells; lack antigen receptors.
NK (natural killer) cells
Which of the following are functions of antibodies? (1) neutralization of antigens. (2) immobilization of bacteria, (3) agglutination and precipitation of antigens, (4) activation of complement, (5) enhancement of phagocytosis.
ALL OF THE ABOVE
particpate in inflammation, opsonization and cytolysis, stimulate histamine release, attract neutrophils by chemotaxis, promote phagocytosis and destroy bacteria.
complement proteins
glycoproteins that mark the surface of all body cells except for RBCs; distinguish self from nonself.
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens
foreign antigens present in fluids outside body cells
exogneous antigens
foreign antigens synthesized within a body cell
endogenous antigens
small protein hormones that stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions; serve as costimulators for B cell and T cell activity.
cytokines
a substance that has reactivity but lacks immunogenicity.
hapten
causes vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels; is found in mast cells in connective tissue and in basophils and platelets in blood.
histamine
polypeptides formed in blood; induce vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels; serve as chemotactic agents for phagocytes
kinins
released by damaged cells; intensify the effects of histamine and kinins
prostaglandins
small parts of antigens that initiate immune responses
epitopes
produced by virus-infected cells, they interfere with viral replication in host cells
interferons
chemicals released by NK and cytotoxic T cells that can cause apoptosis in target cells.
granzymes
glycoproteins that contain four polypeptide chains, two of which are identical to each other and two of which are variable and contain the antigen-binding site.
antibodies
