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Pharm N317 - UW Madison Fall 2023 > Respiratory and Antihistamines+ > Flashcards

Respiratory and Antihistamines+ Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma vs. COPD

A

asthma: recurrent/reversible shortness of breath
-mucus production, bronchospasms, inflammation of respiratory system
-triggered by allergies, illness, environment
COPD: progressive, irreversible lung disease
-damaged cilia –> hard to clear lungs
-often from smoking

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2
Q

Name the Bronchodilator drugs.

A

Beta-adrenergic agonists, anticholinergics, xanthine derivates

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3
Q

Short-acting bronchodilators (examples, MOA, side effects)

A

-albuterol, levalbuterol (rescue inhalers)
-MOA: binds to beta 2 receptors in lungs –> bronchodilation
-SFX: tachycardia, headache, tremor

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4
Q

The ‘nursing consideration’ for almost all respiratory drugs

A

-make sure med is appropriate for symptoms (long vs short acting)
-make sure technique is appropriate if using inhaler
-respiratory assessment, maybe cardiac

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5
Q

Long-acting bronchodilators (examples, MOA, side effects)

A

-salmeterol, formoterol, arformoterol
-MOA: binds to beta 2 receptors in lungs –> bronchodilation
-SFX: hypertension, headache

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6
Q

Anticholinergic drugs (examples, MOA, side effects)

A

-ipratropiums, tiotropium, combivent
-MOA: Ach agonist –> bronchodilation
-SFX: dry mouth (reduces secretions), congestion, palpitations, GI distress

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7
Q

Xanthine derivates (examples, MOA, side effects, considerations)

A

-theophylline, aminophylline
-MOA: stimulates cAMP production –> bronchodilation + respiratory drive
-SFX: nervousness, tremors, insomnia, GI distress
-Consider: AVOID other sources of caffeine!

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8
Q

Non-Bronchodilating medications

A

leukotrine receptors, corticosteroids, mast cell stabilizers

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9
Q

Leukotrine receptor antagonists (examples, use, MOA, considerations)

A

-montelukast, zafirlukast
-use: reduces mucus production, inflammation, coughing for allergic rhinitis and asthma
-MOA: leukotrine antagonist (duh)
-consider: takes a week to work, best used prophylactically (like for flu season), take HS

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10
Q

What population should not take L-receptor antagonists?

A

For asthma: under 12 y/o

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11
Q

Corticosteroid examples, MOA, SFX/considerations,
+systemic?

A

-fluticasone, budensonide, belcomethasone
-MOA: anti-inflammatory (mostly used for chronic asthma)
-SFX/consider: thrush–rinse mouth after use, take a week to work
Systemic: prednisone/prednisolone–work thru whole body, must taper, makes you Hangry

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12
Q

You should always take _______ before taking _____ for asthma, if taking both. Why? What med has both of those meds?

A

-bronchodilators, corticosteroids
-Allows anti-inflamm steroids to reach more of airway
-Combo med: fluticasone/salmeterol

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12
Q

Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (examples, MOA/use, side effects)

A

-roflumilast
-MOA is in name, prevents coughing/mucus from worsening for COPD
-SFX: GI/weight loss, headache, insomnia

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13
Q

Monoclonal antibodies (example, MOA, SFX)

A

-omalizumab
-MOA: competitively binds to IgE (immune response that causes allergic reaction)
-SFX: MI, venous thromboembolism, inj. site reaction

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14
Q

First line meds to treat active TB + their side effects

A

“RIPE ONGLE”
Rifampin (Orange tears/sweat/urine)
Isoniazid (peripheral Neuropathy)
Pyrazinamide (Gout-like symptoms)
Ethambutol (Liver toxicity and Eyesight impaired)

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15
Q

Nursing considerations for TB treatment

A

-intense side effects
-need for multiple meds
-risk of MRD-TB
-STRICT ADHERENCE NECESSARY, but difficult!

16
Q

Meds for latent TB, in order of treatment time

A

-isoniazid and rifapentine (weekly, 3 mo)
-rifampin (daily, 4 mo)
-isoniazide (daily, 6-9 mo)

17
Q

Preventing TB and TB risks

A

Prevention:
-Mantoux skin test
-BCG vaccine
Risks:
-immunocompromised
-travel

18
Q

Meds to treat MDR-TB

A

-bedaquiline (ATP synthetase inhibitor)
-streptomycin (antibiotic)

19
Q

Patients taking ______ for ___ may need to supplement w/ a B6 vitamin

A

Isoniazid, TB

20
Q

The common cold is caused by:
And are treated by:

A

a virus, often rhinovirus
antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, rarely antivirals etc.

21
Q

Cough and cold products shouldn’t be given to children under ___ due to side effects like…

A

-2
-oversedation, tachy, seizure, death

22
Q

herbal cold remedies/properties

A

-Echinacea: stimulates immune system while sick
-adverse effects: GI, dizziness, headaches
no w/: amiodarone, cyclosporine, phenytoin, methotraxate, barbituates

-Goldenseal: URIs, allergies, congestion
adverse effects: mood, GI
-promotes GI excretion, vasodilation so interacts w/ antacids, hypertensive meds, H2 blockers

23
Q

Older antihistamine examples, MOA, side effects, interactions/contraindications

A

-diphen, promethazine, meclizine/dramamine, hydroxyzine
-MOA: Nonspecific antagonists for H1 (+H2) sites, prevent body overreaction/reduce symptoms. Are also are sedative, anticholinergic
-SFX: drowsiness, additive w/ other meds (some SSRIs, alcohol), dry mouth, constipation, dysuria
-contras: COPD, cardiac disease, kidney disease

24
Q

New antihistamines (ex, MOA, considerations)

A

-fexofenadine (Allegra), loratadine (Claritin), certirizine (Zertec)
-MOA: same as older A-hists, but work only peripherally and reduce side effects
-do good assessment, discontinue 4d before allergy testing

25
Q

Oxymetazoline (Afrin) class, MOA, considerations

A

adrenergic decongestant
MOA: vasoconstriction
-SFX: CNS stim: jitters, insomnia, palpatations, tremor
-take only for 3 days at a time (can lead to rebound)

26
Q

Sudafed class, MOA, considerations

A

adrenergic decongestant
-MOA: vasoconstriction
-SFX: CNS stim: jitters, insomnia, palpatations, tremor
-considerations: hypertension, abuse potential

27
Q

Ipratropium MOA, class

A

anticholinergic decongestant
-not used often
-reduces amount of mucus in noes

28
Q

Corticosteriod decongestants: examples, MOA, considerations

A

-fluticasone, triamcinolone, budenoside
-MOA: decrease inflammation
-SFX: dryness, local irritation
-local given (spray, topical)

29
Q

Contraindications for nasal decongestants

A

-gluacoma
-CV disease
-hypertension
-long-standing asthma

30
Q

Opiod antitussives: example, MOA, side effects

A

-codeine (S5 drug), hydrocodone
-MOA: pain relief, dry secretions, dull cough reflex in medulla
-SFX: sedation, N/V, constipation, lightheaded

31
Q

Opioids are the ______ effective cough supressant

A

most

32
Q

Non-opiod antitussive examples and their MOAs, SFX

A

-Benzonatate: numbs stretch receptors in respiratory
-Robatussin: dries mucosa of res system (prevents post nasal drip)
SFX (both): drowsy, dizzy, nausea

33
Q

Expectorants example/use, MOA, side effects

A

-for productive coughs
-SFX: NV, drink fluids!

34
Q

Epinephrine class, MOA

A

-nonselective adrenergic med
-MOA: stimulates B1, B2 (cardiac and respiratory receptors) and alpha receptors –> relaxes sm muscle, increases HR

Pharm N317 - UW Madison Fall 2023 (23 decks)

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