Drugs for Ears, Eyes, and Skin

Question 1

Three layers to the eye

Answer 1

-cornea/sclera
-uvea (choroid, iris, ciliary body)
-retina

Question 2

Cones and rods exist in the ______

Answer 2

retina

Question 3

Glaucoma is defined as…

Answer 3

inhibition of flow/drainage aqueous humor, and increase in ocular pressure (IOP)

Question 4

pilocarpine and echothiophate are used to treat…

Answer 4

gluacoma

Question 5

Acetylcholine (Miochol-E) use, MOA

Answer 5

-produce miosis during eye surgery
-immediate onset, duration of 10 min

Question 6

Pilocarpine is a _____-______ drug that lasts ___ to ___ days

Answer 6

long-acting, 28-31 days

Question 7

Sympathomimetics (Iopidine, Alphagan P, Proprine) are used to treat glaucoma and IOP by what MOA? SFX?

Answer 7

-mimic epi and norepi, increase pupil size
-lacramation, burning/eye pain

Question 8

Beta-adrenergic meds for IOP

Answer 8

-Betaxolol, carteolol, timolol
-MOA: reduce aqueous humor formation
-SFX: burning, blurred vision, photophobia (light fear)

Question 9

CAIs for glaucoma/IOP before surgery

Answer 9

-“-zolamides”
-MOA: inhibit CAI –> reduces aqueous humor formation

Question 10

What osmotic diuretics are used for acute glaucomic crises? What are their side effects?

Answer 10

-Glycerin (1st–PO, topical), mannitol if glycerin doesn’t work
-N/V, headache, hyperglycemia, fluid/electrolyte imbalance

Question 11

Prostaglandin agonists
Suffix, MOA/use, side effects

Answer 11

“-oprosts”
-MOA: increase outflow of aqueous fluid
-SFX/nursing considerations: burning, CAN CHANGE EYE COLOR PERMANENTLY! (light –> brown)

Question 12

Ocular antimicrobial drugs include

Question 13

Ocular anti-inflammatory NSAIDs and corticosteroids

Answer 13

NSAID: flurbiprofen, ketoralac
Corticosteroids: dexamethasone, prednisolone

Question 14

Tetracaine and proparacaine are _______ ________, and can’t be self-administered

Answer 14

Ophthalmic anesthetics

Question 15

Atropine sulfate and cyclopentolate do what?

Answer 15

dilate pupil, paralyze ciliary muscle, uveitis

Question 16

________ ________ is used to treat uveitis

Answer 16

Atropine sulfate

Question 17

What is fluorescein used for?

Answer 17

Dyes the eye, allows provider to see malformation/foreign objects

Question 18

Ophthalmic allergies can be treated with:

Answer 18

-olopatadine
-tetrahydrolozine

Question 19

When using eye drops, have the patient look at the ______ and place the drop (where?)

Answer 19

-ceiling
-conjuctival sac

Question 20

Middle ear infections often occur in children after a ____. If sever, they are treated with _________.

Answer 20

URI, amoxicillin or amoxicillin w/ clavulanic acid

Question 21

Mastoiditis can be caused by

Answer 21

severe, untreated ear infections

Question 22

Severe bacterial/fungal eat infections can be combined w/

Answer 22

steroids

Question 23

Debrox is a _______ __________

Answer 23

earwax emulsifier (softens earwax)

Question 24

Considerations for giving eardrops

Answer 24

-give at ROOM TEMPERATURE!!!!!!
-remove earwax
-children: hold pinna down/back
-adults: hold pinna up/back
-lie on opposite side for 5 min, massage tragus

Question 25

Bacitracin, neosporin, and Mupirocin are what kind of drug

Answer 25

topical antibacterials, Muprocin used for MRSA, staph, and strep

Question 26

Silver Sulfadiazine is used to prevent infection in what situation? What pts should not use this drug?

Answer 26

burns--no for those w/ sulfa allergies

Question 27

Clindamycin vs benzoyl peroxide

Answer 27

both used to treat acne, SFX include peeling/redness/itching/burning, Clindamycin is an antibiotic

Question 28

benzoyl peroxide MOA

Answer 28

slowly release oxygen, killing anaerobic bacteria on the skin

Question 29

Isotretinoins like Amnesteem, Claravis, and Sotret are used to treat _____ and you need what to take it?

Answer 29

-acne -2 forms of birth control

Question 30

Renova, retin-a, vitamin acid, and retinoic acid are all names for:

Answer 30

Tretinoin

Question 31

Tazarotene is used to treat ______ ______ and mild acne

Answer 31

plaque psoriasis

Question 32

____-containing products soften and loosen scaly areas of the skin. Give 2 examples

Answer 32

-Tar -Pediculides (Elimite) -Dovonex (D3 analogue)

Question 33

Dovonex use, MOA, adverse effects

Answer 33

for plaque psoriasis treatment -MOA: binds to skin's D3 receptors, regulate skin cell growth -SFX: worsening psoriasis, dermatitis, folliculitis, skin atrophy