Antibiotics Flashcards
What penicillins are broad spectrum (treats G- bacteria better?)
Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin)
Penicillin MOA
B-L antibiotic, so it inhibits peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)
Penicillin is often given for:
-strep, E. coli
-HAIs (extended specs–piper, ticar, carben)
Penicillins that don’t sound like penicillins? hint: ZAUTA
-Zosyn
-Augmentin
-Unasyn
-Timentin
-Avycaz
Penicillin adverse effects/interactions/considerations
-GI: cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
-pregnancy drug B
-interacts w. warfarin, NSAIDs, BC
Sulfonamides MOA
bacteriostatic: interfere w/ FOLIC ACID production
fuck w/ G+ and G- bacteria
Sulfonamides are often given for:
-UTIs
-staph
as SMV-TMP (Bactrim)
Sulfonamide side effects, contraindications, interactions
-skin issues (photosensitive), agranulocytosis, anemia
-common allergy
-NO: pregnant, under 2mo, warfarin, phenytoin, cyclosporin
Sulfonamides should be avoided if you take:
-warfarin
-phenytoin
-cyclosporin
or if you’re pregnant or under 2mo old!
Tetracycline is often given for:
-acne
-STIs (chlamydia, syphilis)
-Lyme’s
-Rickettsia
What should you avoid on tetracyclines?
-Dairy
-Antacids
-Supplements w/ Ca, Fe, Mg
(can prevent drug from acting in body)
What antibiotic class has the potential to stain teeth?
Tetracyclines
Tetracycline MOA
-Bacteriostatic
-bind to 30s ribosome (messes up protein synthesis)
-Fuck up both G+/- bacteria
Carbapenems are considered the most ________ _________ antibiotic
broad spectrum…
carbapenems are the baddest broads in town
What antibiotic class can cause seizures?
Carbapenems (the broad ladies)
Carbapenems are usually used for…
severe/complex infections in acutely ill patients
Carbapenem MOA
Beta-lactam, so bactericidal + inhibits cell wall synthesis
Macrolide antibiotics end in “m____”
-mycin!
Macrolide used for C. diff?
Fidaxomycin (fartaxomycin)
What macrolide is put in newborn’s eyes to prevent gonorrhea?
Erythromycin
Common uses for macrolides include:
-strep
-respiratory infections
-spirochetal infections
-STIs
Macrolide side effects:
-GI (take w/ food, especially erythromycin!)
Name the 3 aminoglycosides that ALSO end in mycin (Bruh)
-gentamycin
-tobromycin
-neomycin (oral)
What antibiotics attack mostly G- bacteria?
-Aminoglycoside
-Fluroquinolones
The ONE monobactam in clinical use
aztreonam
Name the Beta-Lactam antibiotics:
-monobactam
-penicillin
-cephalosporins
-carbapenems
Tetracyclines and fluroquinolones shouldn’t be taken with what?
-antacids, zinc, supplements w/ Ca, Al, Fe, Mg
(+tetra: no dairy)
Fluroquinolone side effects
BLACK BOX WARNING: tenditinis/tendon rupture possible in older adults
Vanomycin is a (macrolide/aminoglycoside?)
NEITHER! Lone wolf that causes “red man syndrome”
Vanomycin is used to treat:
But monitor for ___ and ____ toxicity
MRSA
oto, nephro
MRSA is one MDRO–name 3 others
-VRE
-ESBL
-CRE
Cephalosporins MOA
Beta-Lactams, so bactericidal and inhibit cell wall synthesis
First three gens of cephalosporins are progressively better at treating ___ _______ but are progressively worse at treating ___ _________
G+ bacteria, G- bacteria
The cephalosporin that crosses the Blood-brain barrier is:
Ceftrixone
Cross sensitivity exists between penicillins and ________
Cephalosporins
Fluroquinolone MOA
-alter DNA :0
-bactericidal and BROAD SPECTRUM (but mostly G-)
