Antibiotics

Question 1

What penicillins are broad spectrum (treats G- bacteria better?)

Answer 1

Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin)

Question 1

Penicillin MOA

Answer 1

B-L antibiotic, so it inhibits peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)

Question 2

Penicillin is often given for:

Answer 2

-strep, E. coli
-HAIs (extended specs–piper, ticar, carben)

Question 3

Penicillins that don’t sound like penicillins? hint: ZAUTA

Answer 3

-Zosyn
-Augmentin
-Unasyn
-Timentin
-Avycaz

Question 4

Penicillin adverse effects/interactions/considerations

Answer 4

-GI: cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
-pregnancy drug B
-interacts w. warfarin, NSAIDs, BC

Question 5

Sulfonamides MOA

Answer 5

bacteriostatic: interfere w/ FOLIC ACID production
fuck w/ G+ and G- bacteria

Question 6

Sulfonamides are often given for:

Answer 6

-UTIs
-staph
as SMV-TMP (Bactrim)

Question 7

Sulfonamide side effects, contraindications, interactions

Answer 7

-skin issues (photosensitive), agranulocytosis, anemia
-common allergy
-NO: pregnant, under 2mo, warfarin, phenytoin, cyclosporin

Question 8

Sulfonamides should be avoided if you take:

Answer 8

-warfarin
-phenytoin
-cyclosporin
or if you’re pregnant or under 2mo old!

Question 9

Tetracycline is often given for:

Answer 9

-acne
-STIs (chlamydia, syphilis)
-Lyme’s
-Rickettsia

Question 10

What should you avoid on tetracyclines?

Answer 10

-Dairy
-Antacids
-Supplements w/ Ca, Fe, Mg
(can prevent drug from acting in body)

Question 11

What antibiotic class has the potential to stain teeth?

Answer 11

Tetracyclines

Question 12

Tetracycline MOA

Answer 12

-Bacteriostatic
-bind to 30s ribosome (messes up protein synthesis)
-Fuck up both G+/- bacteria

Question 13

Carbapenems are considered the most ________ _________ antibiotic

Answer 13

broad spectrum…
carbapenems are the baddest broads in town

Question 14

What antibiotic class can cause seizures?

Answer 14

Carbapenems (the broad ladies)

Question 15

Carbapenems are usually used for…

Answer 15

severe/complex infections in acutely ill patients

Question 16

Carbapenem MOA

Answer 16

Beta-lactam, so bactericidal + inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 17

Macrolide antibiotics end in “m____”

Answer 17

-mycin!

Question 18

Macrolide used for C. diff?

Answer 18

Fidaxomycin (fartaxomycin)

Question 19

What macrolide is put in newborn’s eyes to prevent gonorrhea?

Answer 19

Erythromycin

Question 20

Common uses for macrolides include:

Answer 20

-strep
-respiratory infections
-spirochetal infections
-STIs

Question 21

Macrolide side effects:

Answer 21

-GI (take w/ food, especially erythromycin!)

Question 22

Name the 3 aminoglycosides that ALSO end in mycin (Bruh)

Answer 22

-gentamycin
-tobromycin
-neomycin (oral)

Question 23

What antibiotics attack mostly G- bacteria?

Answer 23

-Aminoglycoside
-Fluroquinolones

Question 24

The ONE monobactam in clinical use

Answer 24

aztreonam

Question 24

Name the Beta-Lactam antibiotics:

Answer 24

-monobactam
-penicillin
-cephalosporins
-carbapenems

Question 24

Tetracyclines and fluroquinolones shouldn’t be taken with what?

Answer 24

-antacids, zinc, supplements w/ Ca, Al, Fe, Mg
(+tetra: no dairy)

Question 25

Fluroquinolone side effects

Answer 25

BLACK BOX WARNING: tenditinis/tendon rupture possible in older adults

Question 26

Vanomycin is a (macrolide/aminoglycoside?)

Answer 26

NEITHER! Lone wolf that causes “red man syndrome”

Question 27

Vanomycin is used to treat:
But monitor for ___ and ____ toxicity

Answer 27

MRSA
oto, nephro

Question 28

MRSA is one MDRO–name 3 others

Answer 28

-VRE
-ESBL
-CRE

Question 29

Cephalosporins MOA

Answer 29

Beta-Lactams, so bactericidal and inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 30

First three gens of cephalosporins are progressively better at treating ___ _______ but are progressively worse at treating ___ _________

Answer 30

G+ bacteria, G- bacteria

Question 31

The cephalosporin that crosses the Blood-brain barrier is:

Answer 31

Ceftrixone

Question 32

Cross sensitivity exists between penicillins and ________

Answer 32

Cephalosporins

Question 33

Fluroquinolone MOA

Answer 33

-alter DNA :0
-bactericidal and BROAD SPECTRUM (but mostly G-)