Antilipemic/Antianginal Drugs

Question 1

Angina pectoris means…

Answer 1

chest pain (brief, ischemic moment)

Question 2

Nitrates and nitrites treat many different types of ______.

Answer 2

angina

Question 3

Nitrate/Nitrite example, MOA, use, side effects, contraindications

Answer 3

-Isosorbide dinitrate (nitrATE)
-MOA: vasodilates sm muscle, treats angina acutely/prophylactically
-SFX/Contras: (low BP) KA, anemia, hypotension, ED meds (“-fils”)

Question 4

IR nitrate/nitrate tabs “rule of 3”

Answer 4

at sign of chest pain:
-take tab stat, then lie down
-3 pills can be taken at 5 minute intervals
-if these do not relieve pain, go to hospital ASAP

Question 5

3 types of lipids

Answer 5

-LDL (“bad” cholesterol)
-HDL (“good”/recycling cholesterol)
-VLDL

Question 6

Statins examples, MOA, considerations/contraindications/side effects

Answer 6

-atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin
-MOA: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors cause liver to produce less cholesterol–lowers LDLs
-considerations: take HS, GI issues, elevated liver enzymes, rhabdomyolysis
-interacts w: grapefruit juice, erythromycin, systemic antifungals, warfarin

Question 7

Bile acid sequestrants (examples, MOA, side effects, considerations)

Answer 7

-cholestyramine powder, colesevelam
-MOA: bind to bile acids to prevent absorption into bloodstream (in SI), slightly lower LDLs
-SFX/consider: GI side effects, binds to other meds, so take 1-2 hours before or 4-6 hours after other medications

Question 8

Niacin (B3) MOA, considerations/side effects

Answer 8

MOA: increases lipase function (breaks down lipids), increases HDLs
SFX: redness/flushing (take NSAID beforehand), pruritus, hepatotoxicity

Question 9

Fibric acid derivates examples, MOA, side effects

Answer 9

-gemifibrozil, fenofibrate
-MOA: lower triglycerides by activating lipase enzyme
-side effects: GI, gallstones, increased liver enzymes, enhances anticoagulants

Question 10

Cholesterol Absorption inhibitors (examples, MOA, side effects/labs, often combined w…)

Answer 10

-ezetimibe
-MOA: lowers lipids in SI
-side effects: LFT, pancreatitis (check amylase/lipase labs), RHABDOMYOLYSIS,
-often combined w/ statins

Question 11

Lipids cause _____ , which can lead to ______

Answer 11

-plaque buildup in coronary arteries
-stroke, HF, CAD

Question 12

Normal triglyceride lab values

Answer 12

<150 mg

Question 13

Normal HDL/LDL lab values

Answer 13

HDL: >40 mg
LDL: <100 mg

Question 14

Normal cholesterol lab values

Answer 14

<200mg

Question 15

Sublingual nitrates expire how long after they are opened?

Answer 15

3 months