Antidiabetic Medications

Question 1

What organ produces insulin and glucagon hormones?

Answer 1

Pancreas

Question 2

The ______ stores excess glucose

Answer 2

liver

Question 3

Symptoms of DM-I

Answer 3

3 p’s:
-polyuria (peeing)
-polydypsia (thirst)
-polyphagia (hunger)

Question 4

Aspart, lispro, and glulisme are _____-______ insulins. Name their onset, peak, and how long they last.

Answer 4

rapid-acting
5-15 minute onset
peak at 1-2 hours
last 3-5 hours

Question 5

Humulin-R is a ______ _______ medication–name the onset, peak, and duration

Answer 5

short-acting
-1/2 hour-1 hour onset
-peaks at 2.5 hours
-lasts 6-10 hours

Question 6

NPH is _______ acting insulin. Name onset, peak, and duration

Answer 6

intermediate acting
-1-2 hour onset
-peaks at 4-8 hours
-lasts for 10-18 hours

Question 7

Long acting insulin, like _______, has an onset of ___ hours, a peak of _____ hours, and it lasts ____ hours.

Answer 7

glargine
-1-2 hour onset
-has no peak
-lasts 24 hours

Question 8

DM-I (can/cannot) be treated w/ oral drug therapy

Answer 8

NO, oral drug therapy is only for DM-II

Question 9

Metformin decreases _______ ________ production, and carries a rare but serious side effect of…

Answer 9

-Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production
-lactic acidosis

Question 10

Sulfa “-ide” drugs for diabetes stimulate release of ________, carry what side effect, and what cross allergic affect?

Answer 10

-insulin release
-risk of hypoglycemia
-sulfa cross allergy potential

Question 11

“-glinides” are like sulfa diabetes drugs, but w/o what consideration?

Answer 11

-like sulfas: increase insulin release from pancreas, hypoglycemia risk
-NO cross allergy potential

Question 12

“Glitazones” decrease insulin resistance and carry what black box warning? What other side effects?

Answer 12

-heart failure, MI
-edema, weight gain, rhadmomyolysis

Question 13

Acarbose and miglitol are _______-______ inhibitors that delay glucose absorption, and carry ___ side effects

Answer 13

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, GI side effects

Question 14

“Gliptins” delay the breakdown of the _______ hormone. Name the nursing considerations (4)

Answer 14

-incretin hormone
-pancreatitis, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, URI
(check liver, kidney labs)

Question 15

Symlin (SC) mimics the hormone _____ and includes side effects of _____ and ________

Answer 15

-amylin
-N/V
-anorexia

Question 16

Victoza, Ozempic, Trulicity, and Byetta (VOTB) enhance _______ secretion from beta cells. They are given how long before a meal?

Answer 16

-insulin
-60 min

Question 17

“flozins” are ______-______- transport inhibitors. Name considerations and side effects

Answer 17

-sodium-glucose
-Flozins –> kidney function, rifampin increases effects

Question 18

Flozin MOA

Answer 18

Inhibit glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules