Respiratory Flashcards
Chief complaints
Allergic reactions Airway obstruction Asthma Breathing problem Chest pain Congestion Difficulty breathing Hemoptysis Respiratory arrest Respiratory distress Respiratory failure Shortness of breath Smoke inhalation Tracheostomy problem Wheezing
Asthma
An inflammatory disorder of the airway which causes attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing
Atelectasis
The partial collapse of a lung
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the main air passages into the lungs
Croup
Acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
Inherited disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up on the lungs and digestive tract
Pertussis
Contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by a spasm like cough
Tuberculosis (TB)
Infectious disease caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis
Apnea
Absence of spontaneous respiration
Bradypnea
Slow respiratory rate
BS
Breath sounds
COPD
Chronic bronchitis or emphysema commonly co-existing diseases of the lungs where the airways become narrowed
CTAB
Clear to auscultation bilaterally
DOE (dyspnea on exertion)
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing with exertion or activity
Dyspnea
Labored or difficult breathing
Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood or bloody sputum
Hemothorax
Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
Hypoxia
Condition of having below than normal oxygen levels in the tissues and cells
LLL/LUL
Left lower lobe, left upper lobe
Orthopnea
Shortness of breath when lying flat
Pleural effusion
Collection of fluid in the pleural space
Pleural rub
Sound caused by inflammation f the lung
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest that leads to chest pain with breathing
PND: paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Respiratory distress that awakens a patient from sleep
Pneumothorax
Air or gas in the pleural space
Post- tussive
After coughing
Ex: post-tussive emesis- vomiting after coughing
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Blockage of the main artery of the lung or one of its branches by a blood clot or other substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream
Pulse oximetry
External monitor to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood (O2 sats)
RLL/ RUL
Right lower lobe/ right upper lobe
RR
Respiratory rate
SOB
Shortness of breath
Tachypnea
Increased respiratory rate
URI
Upper respiratory infection
Wheezing
Coarse whistling sound made when lumen of the airways are narrowed or compressed
Breath sounds
Normal, decreased, absent, or abnormal
Stridor
Harsh or high pitched respiratory sound caused by obstruction of the air passages
Rhonchi
Whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed
Rales
Clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds also known as “crackling” respirations
Retractions
The visible sinking in of the chest wall with inspiration in a child with respiratory difficulty
Splinting
Reduced inspiratory effort as a result of sharp pain upon inspiration
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing
Accessory muscle usage
When breathing requires extra effort, the accessory muscles stabilize the thorax during respiration
ABG (arterial blood gas)
Blood test that measures arterial partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide. It also measures sodium bicarbonate and pH levels in the blood
Chest x-ray
Used to look at placement of devices (pacemakers or defibrillators) or tubes placed during hospitalization for treatment and monitoring . Used to diagnose lung conditions such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and traumatic lung damage
CTA (CT Angiogram)
CT scan with IV contrast dye used to diagnose pulmonary emboli
Breathing treatments
Duo- Neb and Albuterol BiPAP CPAP Bronchoscopy Endotracheal intubation
BiPAP
Bi-level positive airway pressure: a type of noninvasive ventilation that helps keep the upper airways of the lungs open by providing a flow of air delivered through a face mask. The air is pressurized by a machine, which delivers it to the face mask through long, plastic hosing. Provides a higher pressure when breathing in, and a lower one when breathing out
CPAP
Continuous positive airway pressure: a type of noninvasive ventilation sometimes used during COPD treatment, particularly at night when oxygen saturation levels in some COPD patients tend to drop. The pressure level is single level and constant
Bronchoscopy
Visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope
Nebulizer
Medical equipment that dispenses doses of medication in the form of a must when attached to oxygen
Pulmonary medications
Albuterol
Duo-Neb (combo of Albuterol and ipratroprium in a nebulizer treatment)
Atrovent (ipratroprium)
Advair
Combivent
Pulmicort
Singulair
Spiriva
Theophylline
Xopanex
Steroids
Can be used for short term treatment of bronchial inflammation or acute bronchitis due to various respiratory diseases
Solumedrol
Prednisone
Orapred
Diagnosis
Asthma Bronchitis Cardiopulmonary arrest COPD exacerbation Croup Dyspnea on Exertion Foreign body obstruction Pneumonia Pleurisy Pulmonary fibrosis Tracheostomy complication Upper respiratory infection
