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KINE > Neurological > Flashcards

Neurological Flashcards

1
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

A temp. Form of facial paralysis (not a stroke)

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2
Q

Cerebral aneurysm

A

Weakness in the wall of a artery or vein causes ballooning of the blood vessel

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3
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

Neuromuscular condition of the hypertonia and spasticity in the muscles of the lower extremities of the human body

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4
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Occurs when a blood vessel bursts inside the brain causing swelling and increase pressure on the brain

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5
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Buildup of fluid inside the skull, leading to brain swelling

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6
Q

Meningitis

A

Swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

Automatic neuropathy

A

Affects internal organs such as the heart, blood vessels, and bladder or intestines

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8
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

A degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that impairs the sufferer’s motor skills, cognitive processes, and other functions

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9
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system, causing numbness and pain in hands and feet

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10
Q

A&O

A

Alert and oriented to person, place, and time

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11
Q

AMS

A

Altered mental status

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12
Q

Aphasia

A

Inability to speak

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13
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of coordination such as staggering gait

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14
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Twelve pairs (olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal)

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15
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular accident (stoke), the rapid loss of brain function due to disturbance in blood supply to the brain

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16
Q

Dementia

A

Loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement, and behavior

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17
Q

DTR’s

A

Deep tendon reflexes (triceps, bicep, brachioradialis, paralysis, patellar, or Achilles)

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18
Q

Dysarthria

A

Motor speech disorder due to weakness, paralysis, or muscular in-coordination, characterized by poor articulation

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19
Q

Epidural Abscess

A

A collection of pus between the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord and bones of the skull or spine

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20
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Traumatic brain injury where a buildup of blood occurs between the dura mater and the skull

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21
Q

Epilepsy

A

Brain disorder involving repeated, spontaneous seizures of any type

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22
Q

Focal nerve deficit

A

A problem in nerve, spinal cord, or brain function that affects a specific location

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23
Q

Gag reflex

A

Reflex contraction of the back of the throat, evoked by touching the soft palate

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24
Q

HA

A

Headache

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25
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness on one side of the body

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26
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Total paralysis on one side of the body

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27
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage

A

Bleeding within the skull, occurs when a blood vessel within the skull is ruptured or leaks and can result from physical trauma or no traumatic causes such as a ruptured aneurysm

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28
Q

LOC - loss of consciousness

A

Mental state involving complete or near-complete lack of responsiveness to people and other environmental stimuli

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29
Q

MAE

A

Moves all extremities

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30
Q

Paresthesias

A

Sensation of numbness/tingling/pricking of a persons skin

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31
Q

Post-ictal

A

The altered state of consciousness that’s person enters after experiencing a seizure

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32
Q

Resting tremor

A

Occurs when a body part is at complete rest against gravity

33
Q

Saddle anesthesia

A

Loss of sensation restricted to the area of the buttocks and perineum

34
Q

SAH

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage- sudden bleeding into the subarachnoid space

35
Q

Sensation

A

Perception of a stimulus such as touch

36
Q

Gran mal (tonic clonic)

A

Generalized seizure that affects the entire brain

37
Q

Focal

A

Seizure affecting only part of the brain

38
Q

Petit mal

A

Absence of seizure

39
Q

Marching

A

A clonic seizure that begins in one area of the body (typically hand or foot) and moves progressively towards the other side of the body

40
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

A collection of blood on the surface of the brain

41
Q

Syncope near

A

Occurs when individuals can remember events during the episode, not a total loss of consciousness

42
Q

TIA - transient ischemic attack

A

A mini stroke that comes and goes quickly. Happens when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel in your brain causing the blood supply to the brain to briefly stop

43
Q

Tinnitus

A

An abnormal noise in the ear, such as ringing or swishing sound

44
Q

Vertigo

A

Type of dizziness where there is a feeling of motion when one is stationary

45
Q

Babinski

A

Neurological test based upon what the big toe does when the sole of the foot is stimulated; normal is toes going down

46
Q

Cerebellar Function- coordination

A

Romberg, abnormal coordination, abnormal gait

47
Q

Romberg

A

Patient is stood up and asked to close his eyes, a loss of balance is interpreted as a positive Romberg Sign and is abnormal

48
Q

FNF

A

Test of coordination where the patient is asked to alternately touch their nose and the examiner’s finger

Dysmetria: when patients cannot perform point to point movements

49
Q

Alternate rapid hand movement

A

Patient is asked to strike one hand on the dorsum of the other hand, raise the hand, turn it over, and then strike it back down as fast as possible

50
Q

Clonus

A

A series of involuntary muscular contractions due to sudden stretching of the muscle

51
Q

GCS (Glasgow coma scale)

A

Neurological scale aiming to give a reliable way of recording the conscious state of a person; measures eyes, verbal, and motor response; 15 is Normal

52
Q

Meningismus

A

Signs and symptoms suggestive of meningitis; headache, stiff neck

53
Q

Mentation (mental status)

A

Alert, lethargic, listless, unresponsive, oriented X3, disoriented

54
Q

Somnolent

A

Extremely sleepy or drowsy

55
Q

Obtunded

A

Depressed level of consciousness, mentally dulled

56
Q

Motor

A

Abnormal tone, atrophy, tremor, seizure activity

57
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in the muscle mass leading to muscle weakness

58
Q

Strength

A

Rated on a scale of 0-5/5, measures the muscles of the upper and lower extremities

59
Q

Muscle tone

A

The continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles

60
Q

Posturing

A

An involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs

61
Q

Contracture

A

A shortening of a muscle or joint, usually in response to prolonged hypertonic spasticity in a concentrated muscle area

62
Q

Nuchal rigidity

A

Inability to flex the head forward due to rigidity of the neck muscles

63
Q

Sensation

A

Perception of a stimulus such as touch with normal being sensation intact

64
Q

Valproic avid level

A

Measure and monitors the amount of valproic acid in the blood to determine whether the drug concentration is within the therapeutic range

65
Q

Carbamazepine level total

A

Measure and monitors the amount of carbamazepine in the blood to determine whether the level of drug is within the therapeutic range

66
Q

Phenytoin level total

A

Measure and monitors the amount of phenytoin in the blood to determine whether the level of drug is within the therapeutic range

67
Q

Prolactin

A

Measures the level of prolactin, which is made by the pituitary gland, in the blood

68
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalogram measures the electrical activity of the brain

69
Q

Head CT

A

Computed tomography of the head either without contrast or without con-stroke proto

70
Q

Head MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging of the head, not frequently done in the ED

71
Q

VL duplex carotid

A

Ultrasound test showing how well blood is flowing through the carotid arteries

72
Q

Craniectomy

A

Surgery involving the removal of a bone flap from the skull, but the bone flap isn’t returned to its location which is used when an individuals brain is swelling to a degree that it could cause damage to the brain

73
Q

Craniotomy

A

Surgery where a bone flap is removed to allow a surgeon access to the brain, and then the bone flap is returned to its previous location where it can heal and mend like any broken bone

74
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

A procedure used to collect and look at the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, also called a spinal tap

75
Q

Anti-seizure medications A-L

A

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Carbamazepine (Carbatrol); fast-acting

Clonzepam (Klonopin)

Divalproex sodium (Depakote)

Felbamate (Felbatol)

Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

Lorazepam (Ativan)

76
Q

Anti-seizure medications O-V

A

Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)

Phenobarbital

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Pregabalin (Lyrica)

Topiramate (Topamax)

Triagabine (Gabitril)

Valproate (Depakene)

77
Q

Anti-platelet medications (used to prevent and reduce the risk of stoke)

A

Aspirin

Dipyridamole (Aggrenox)

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Ticlopidine (Ticlid)

78
Q

Vertigo treatment medications

A

Phenergan

Antivert

KINE (14 decks)

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