Endocrine Flashcards
Chief complaints
Blurred vision Increased thirst Low/ high blood sugar DKA Fatigue Unexplained weight loss Frequent urination Blood sugar problem
Addison’s syndrome
Adrenal insufficiency, adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol (hormone)
Alcohol ketoacidosis
Buildup of ketones, type of acid that form when body breaks down fat for energy, in the blood, caused by excessive alcohol use
Cushing’s syndrome
Also known as hypercortisolism, is caused by an over-exposure to the hormone cortisol
Estrogen
Steroid hormones produced chiefly by the ovaries and responsible for promoting estrus and the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics
Grave’s disease
Type of hyperthyroidism resulting in excessive thyroid hormone production
Menopause
Naturally occurring process in women when their body decreases estrogen production
Obesity
Having an excessive amount of body fat, increases risk of diseases and health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and high BP
Osteoporosis
“Porous bones”; causes bones t become weak and brittle, so that a fall or even mild stresses like bending over or coughing can cause a fracture. In many cases, bones weaken when you have low levels of calcium and other minerals in your bones.
Progesterone
Hormone secreted by the female reproductive system that functions mainly to regulate the condition of the endometrium, inner lining of the uterus.
Testosterone
Steroid hormone that is primarily secreted in the testes of males and ovaries of females, with small amounts secreted by adrenal glands and is the principle male sex hormone
Thyroid
One of the largest endocrine glands which is found in the neck and controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body is to other hormones
Accu check
Brand of glucose meter
CHEM stick
Finger stick for blood sugar
Diabetes mellitus
Group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood glucose or blood sugar, the body has too much glucose in the blood
Type1: can develop at any age, typically during childhood or adolescence
Type2: most common, can develop at any age and is often preventable
DKA
Diabetic ketoacidosis : potentially life threatening complication of diabetes that occurs when the body can’t use sugar as a fuel source because the body has no insulin or not enough insulin, and fat is used instead
Endocrine glands
Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, ovaries, testes, pancreas, pineal
Gestational diabetes
Diabetes during pregnancy
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar, a condition with excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma
Hyperparathyroidism
State of decreased secretion or activity of parathyroid hormones PTH, which leads to decreased blood levels of calcium and increased levels of blood phosphorus
Hyperthyroidism
Condition where the thyroid glands make too much thyroid hormone
Hypoglycemia
Condition characterized by abnormally low level of glucose
Hypothyroidism
Condition where the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst
Polyphagia
Excessive eating
Polyuria
Excessive urination
Type 1 diabetes risk factors
Parent/ sibling with type 1
Exposure to viral illness
Presence of auto antibodies
Dietary factors
White
Type 2 diabetes risk factors
Overweight Inactivity Family history Black, Hispanic, Asian, or American Indian Increase with age Gestational diabetes Polycystic ovary syndrome High BP Abnormal cholesterol levels High triglycerides
Gestational diabetes risk factors
Age 25+ Family history Personal history Overweight Black, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian
Labs
TSH
T4 Free
Prolactin
BMP
Tests
Accu check
Procedures: thyroidectomy
An operation that involves the surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland
Medications
Thyroid hormones:
Levothyroxine- synthroid, Levoxyl, Levothroid
Diabetes medications
Acarbose Glucagon Glucophage Glucotrol Humalog Insulin SQ Lantus Levemir Metformin Novolin Novolog
Diagnosis
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
DKA
