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KINE > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

AAA: aortic abdominal aneurysm

A

Enlargement of the aorta, concerning for possible rupture

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2
Q

Ascites

A

Excess fluid in the space between the tissues lining the abdomen and abdominal organs (peritoneal cavity)

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3
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Bacteria that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life threatening inflammation of the colon. Commonly affects older adults in hospitals or in long term care facilities and typically occurs after the use of antibiotics

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4
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

An inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation of the digestive tract, can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, and even malnutrition

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5
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of an abnormal pouch (diverticulum) in the intestinal wall

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6
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Condition that develops when pouches (diverticula) for in the wall of the intestines

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7
Q

Gastritis

A

An inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the lining of the stomach

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8
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Known as stomach flu, inflammation of the GI tract involving the stomach and small intestine resulting in acute vomiting and diarrhea

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9
Q

Gastroparesis

A

Condition affecting the ability of the stomach to empty its contents, also known as delayed gastric emptying

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10
Q

Hepatitis C

A

An infectious disease affecting the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus

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11
Q

H. Pylori

A

The bacteria responsible for most ulcers and many cases of stomach inflammation

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12
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Swelling of a kidney due to a backup of urine

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13
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

A form on inflammatory bowel disease that causes ulcer in the lining of the rectum and colon

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14
Q

Varices

A

Large, swollen veins that develop across the stomach and esophagus that cause internal bleeding

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15
Q

Anal fissure

A

Painful tear of the anus, usually with a small amount of bright red rectal bleeding

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16
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder that causes severe RUQ abdominal pain

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17
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones

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18
Q

Coffee- ground emesis

A

Vomit that resembles coffee grounds, sign of upper gastrointestinal-intestinal bleeding

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19
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

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20
Q

Enema

A

Procedure of introducing liquids into the rectum and colon via the anus

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21
Q

Gatroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

A condition where the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus

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22
Q

GI Cocktail

A

A generic term for a mix of liquid antacid, viscous lidocaine, and an anticholinergic primarily used to treat indigestion

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23
Q

G-tube

A

Gastric feeding tube or a gastronomy tube inserted through a small incision in the abdomen into the stomach and is used for long-term nutrition

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24
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting of blood

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25
Q

Hematochezia

A

Blood in stool

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26
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Painful, swollen veins in the lower portion of the rectum or anus

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27
Q

Hernia

A

A sac formed by the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum) which comes through a hole or weak area in the fascia, the strong layer of the abdominal wall that surrounds the muscle.

Types: inguinal, ventral, umbilical, hiatal

28
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

Disorder of the lower intestinal tract, causing abdominal pain and abnormal bowel movements

29
Q

J- tube

A

Surgically implanted tube in the upper section of the small intestine called the jejunum, which is just below the stomach

30
Q

Melena

A

Black/ tarry stool associated with GI bleed

31
Q

NG tube : nasogastric feeding tube

A

Tube passed through the nares (nostrils) down the esophagus and into the stomach

32
Q

PEG tube : percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube

A

A tube passed into a patients stomach through the abdominal wall

33
Q

Post- tussive emesis

A

Vomiting after coughing

34
Q

SBO: small bowel obstruction

A

Usually from adhesions because of a prior abdominal surgery

35
Q

Peristalsis

A

The process that moves the contents of the stomach and intestines downward

36
Q

CVA- Costo- Vertebral Angle tenderness

A

Pain elicited by percussion of the area of the back overlying the kidney (the costovertebral angle- angle made by the vertebral column and the costal margin)

37
Q

Distention

A

Swollen abdomen

Various causes: obese abd, hepatomegaly, ascites, enlarged gallbladder

38
Q

Guarding

A

The tending of the abdominal wall muscles to guard inflamed organs within the abdomen

39
Q

Guaiac test

A

Method to detect the presence of blood in the stool that is not visibly apparent

40
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Secretes as internal/ external, bleeding, thrombosed, inflamed, painful

41
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlarged liver

42
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly

A

Enlargement of both the liver and the spleen

43
Q

Murphy’s sign

A

Pain on inspiration when the examiners fingers are placed on the RUQ at the location of the gallbladder, a finding associated with acute cholecyctitis

44
Q

Ruling out appendicitis

A

McBurney’s Point
Rovsing’s sign or rebound
Psoas sign
Obturator sign

45
Q

McBurney’s point

A

A sight of extreme sensitivity in RLQ in acute appendicitis, situated in the normal area of the appendix midway between the umbilicus and the anterior iliac in the RLQ of the abdomen

46
Q

Rovsing’s Sign

A

An indication of acute appendicitis where pressure on the LLQ of the abdomen causes pain in the RLQ

47
Q

Psoas Sign

A

An indication of appendicitis where passive extension of the thigh of a patient lying on their side with knees extended causes abdominal pain

48
Q

Obturator Sign

A

Indication of appendicitis where the internal rotation of the right leg with the leg flexed to 90 degrees at the hip and knee causes abdominal discomfort

49
Q

Pulsatile Mass

A

Exam finding concerning for an Aortic Abdominal Aneurysm

50
Q

Rebound tenderness

A

Pain upon removal of pressure rather than application of pressure to the abdomen

51
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Enlarged spleen, found in the LUQ

52
Q

Tympanic

A

Drum-like sounds are heard when abdomen is struck

53
Q

Urinalysis

A

Shows sign of UTI or if there is blood in the urine the patient could have kidney stones

54
Q

Appendectomy

A

Surgical removal of the appendix

55
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

56
Q

Colostomy

A

Surgical procedure that brings one end of the LI out through the abdominal wall

57
Q

Ileostomy

A

A surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of SI out onto the surface of the skin

Intestinal waste passes out of the ileostomy and is collected in an external pouching system stuck to the skin

58
Q

Manual disimpaction

A

Digital means of breaking up and removing a decal impaction, or mass of hardened, clay-like, stool lodged in the rectum

59
Q

Ostomy

A

Surgically created opening in the body for discharge of body wastes

60
Q

Paracentesis

A

Procedure involving needle drainage of fluid from the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen

61
Q

Antacids (neutralizes stomach acid)

A

Maalox
Rolaids
Tums
GI Cocktail

62
Q

Antiemetic/ Antivertigo (effective against nausea and vomiting)

A 
Antivert (Meclizine) 
Compazine 
Phenergan 
Reglan (Metoclopromide)
Zofran
63
Q

H-2 Receptor Blockers (Anti Reflux: reduce acid production)

A

Pepcid
Tagamet
Zantac

64
Q

Laxative

A 
Benefiber 
Metamucil
Milk of magnesia 
Magnesium Citrate 
MiraLax 
Ex-Lax 
Golytely (used to prep for colonoscopy)
65
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI): Anti Reflux (blocks acid production in the stomach)

A

Nexium
Prevacid
Prilosec
Protonix

66
Q

Stool softeners

A

Colace

Docusate

67
Q

Pain medications

A

Dilaudid
Morphine
Fentanyl

KINE (14 decks)

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