Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Boxer’s fracture
Common name for fracture at the neck of the bones which form the knuckles of the hand
Bursitis
Inflammation of the fluid-filled sac (bursa) that lies between a joint and skin
Fibromyalgia
Common condition characterized by long term, body wide pain and tender joints, muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues
Kyphosis
Exaggeration of angulation of normal posterior curve of the spine
Lordosis
Anterior curvature of the cervical spine
Osteoporosis
Thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time
Sciatica
Pain radiating from the buttocks down the back of the leg from an irritated sciatic nerve
AKA
Above knee amputation
Arthralgia
Inflammation of one or more joints, resulting in pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement
Ataxia
Failure of muscle coordination, such as staggering gait
Atrophy
The wasting or loss of muscle tissue
Axilla
Pertaining to the armpit (axillary)
BKA
Below knee amputation
BLE
Bilateral lower extremities
Buccal
Cheek or mouth
C-spine
Cervical spine (neck)
Crepitus
The grating, crackling, or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints
DDD
Degenerative Disc Disease
Dislocation
Separation of two bones where they meet at a joint
DJD
Degenerative joint disease
Effusion
Escape of fluid into a part which causes swelling, as in pleural cavity or joint
Finger joints
DIP: distal finger joint
MCP: metacarpophalangel: connect metacarpal bones to pharyngeal bones
PIP: proximal finger joints
Fx
Fracture: break in the continuity of the bone
Hematoma
Collection of blood outside vessels, usually in liquid form within the tissue
L-spine
Lumbar spine (low back)
Ligament
Fibrous tissue, bonding bones together
MAE
Moving all extremities
Malleolus
Projection on either side of the ankle joint from the lower leg bones
Myalgia
Muscular pain
Occiput
Back part of the skull
Phalanx
Any one of the bones of the fingers or toes
Pronate
Turn into a prone position; to rotate (the hand or forearm) so that the surface of the palm is downward or toward the back
Scapula
Shoulder blade: bone connecting the humerus (upper arm bone) to the clavicle (collar bone)
Splint
Device used for support or immobilization of limbs or of the spine
Stenosis
Narrowing of a body or opening or passage
Sternum
Breastbone
Sub-mental
Under the chin
Supinate
To turn or rotate (hand or forearm) so that the palm faced up or foreword
T-spine
Thoracic spine (mid back)
Vertebrae
Backbone
DVT Exam
Physical exam looking for calf tenderness, swelling, erythema
Homan Sign
Dorsiflexion of foot elicits pain in posterior calf
Pratt’s Sign
Squeezing of posterior calf elicits pain
Putting edema
Can be demonstrated by applying pressure to the swollen area by depressing skin with a finger. Described as non, trace, 1+, 2+, 3+
Joint findings
Decreased ROM / strength Deformity Tenderness Bony tenderness Laceration Pain Swelling Spasm Effusion Abnormal pulse Crepitus Edema
Ankle findings
Achilles’ tendon : Pain/ defect Thompson’s Test and Tenderness Lateral Malleolus Medial Malleolus AITFL CF Ligament Posterior TFL Head of 5th metatarsal Proximal fibula
Elbow findings
Tenderness Radial head Medical epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Olecranon process
Hand findings
Decreased cap refill Decreased sensation Ulnar/radial/medial distr Decreased strength Finger abduction Wrist extension Thumb/finger opposition
Knee findings
Abnl alignment, mobility, meniscus LCL laxity MCL laxity Tenderness Medial joint line Lateral joint line MCL / LCL Patellar tendon
Passive ROM
Physician moves the joint through the range of motion
Active ROM
Patient uses muscles surrounding the joints to perform the exercise
Straight leg raise
A test done during the physical exam to determine whether a patient with low back pain has an underlying herniated disc
Lays on back, lifts leg while knee is straight
Positive if pain is elicited past the knee
Snuff box tenderness
Tenderness of the triangular deepening on the radial , dorsal aspect of the hand
Weight bearing
The amount of weight a patient puts on the leg: partial or full
Arthroplasty
Orthopedic surgery: arthritic/ dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with something better or by remodeling or realigning the joint by osteotomy
Arthroscopy
Minimally invasive; exam and treatment done to the damage of the interior of a joint using an arthroscope (endoscope inserted into the joint through a small incision)
Aspiration
Procedure where a sterile needle and syringe are used to drain fluid from the joint
Can be performed in ER
Closed reduction
Method used for treating fractures where the physician manipulates the fractured bones from the outside of the body to correctly position them
Traction
Pulling the fragments apart
Involving two people or a mechanical device
Manipulation
Displacement of fragments are repositioned using various maneuvers
Procedural sedation
Individual feels little to no pain, altered level of consciousness; used for medical procedures
Laminectomy
Spine operation to remove the portion of the vertebral bone-lamina, a thin plate or scale such as the arch of the vertebra, used to treat those with stenosis
Splinting
Device for immobilization (orthoglass splint/OCL splint, thumb spica splint, scotchcast, knee immobilizer)
Conscious sedation drugs
Brevital Etomidate Ketamine Propofol Versed
Anti-inflammatory/ muscle relaxers
Flexeril Ibuprofen Motrin Naprosyn Skelaxin Toradol
