Respiratory

Question 1

From what month onwards does oestrsis peak in the Mediterranean?

Answer 1

May

Question 2

Describe the nasal discharge associated with oestrosis

Answer 2

seromucous progressing to haemmorrhagic

Question 3

Why do clinical signs of oestrosis worsen with subsequent reinfection?

Answer 3

Hypersensitivity reaction

Question 4

Which life stagesof oestrus ovis can hypobiose and during which climatic conditions?

Answer 4

First stage larvae and pupae. Drought and cold.

Question 5

How long does oestrus ovis larval development in the host take?

Answer 5

2-10 months

Question 6

Which treatments are available for oestrosis (and route)

Answer 6

ivermectin (injectable). Eprinomectin (injectable or pour-on)

Question 7

Does oestrosis affects goats or sheep worse?

Answer 7

Sheep. (Goats have more sensitive nostrils!)

Question 8

Exaplin the self-cure phenomenon seen in oestrosis

Answer 8

Subsequent larval challenge can trigger an immune response that eliminates a pre-existing mature infection.

Question 9

What is a potential sequelum to chronic oestrosis?

Answer 9

Interstitial pneumonia

Question 10

What family of viruses does ENTV belong to?

Answer 10

Beta-retroviruses

Question 11

Which ENTV strains infect sheep and goats respectively?

Answer 11

ENTV-1 in sheep, ENTV-2 in goats

Question 12

Which ENTV protein triggers oncogenesis?

Answer 12

env

Question 13

Describe the discharge seen in ENTV cases

Answer 13

Copious sero-mucoid

Question 14

How is ENTV best diagnosed? What clinical diagnostics can help?

Answer 14

RT-PCR. sinus percussion and endoscopy.

Question 15

What is the prognosis for Enzootic nasal tumour?

Answer 15

Death within 3 months

Question 16

Which pathogen causes chronic proliferative rhinitis

Answer 16

Salmonella enterica diarizonae

Question 17

Which fungi can cause nasal/facial deviations? (tropical regions)

Answer 17

Conidobolus spp and Pythium insidiosum

Question 18

Name the causative agent of meliodosis (bacterial rhitiis of tropical goats)

Answer 18

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Question 19

Describe the respiratory clinical signs seen with carprine Herpes virus infection. What other systems can be affected?

Answer 19

Fibronecrotic ulceration of the nasal septum, catarrhal rhinitis.
Systemic signs. Vulvovaginitis or balanoposthitis

Question 20

Which breed of sheep is predisposed to laryngeal chondritis

Answer 20

Texel

Question 21

Which cells are infected and onco-converted in OPA infection?

Answer 21

Bronchial club cells and type-ii pneumocytes

Question 22

What is the sensitivity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid PCR for OPA

Answer 22

90%

Question 23

Name the three species of lungworm in small ruminants. WHich is most severe in each species?

Answer 23

Dictycaulus fillaria (Sheep). Muellerius cappilaris (Goats). Protostrongylus rufescens

Question 24

Name the 4 bacteria and 3 viruses involved in ovine respiratory complex

Answer 24

Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Bibersteinia trehalosi, Mycoplsama ovipneumoniae.
RSV, adenovirus, PI3.

Question 25

How does transient border disease infection affect ovine respitoray complex risk?

Answer 25

Raises 2.1 fold (transient leukopaenia)

Question 26

How heritable is ORC susceptibility?

Answer 26

Poorly

Question 27

Are males or females more at risk of pneumonia?

Answer 27

Males

Question 28

Which wind direction is associated with pneumonia in Spain?

Answer 28

Suoth-west (warm and wet)

Question 29

What is the recommended stocking area for a lamb of 25kg

Answer 29

0.4m2

Question 30

What humidity levels are optimum for lung health?

Answer 30

55-80%

Question 31

What air volume is recommended for each housed lamb?

Answer 31

3-5 m3

Question 32

What is the maximum recommended draught speed for lambs housed in winter

Answer 32

0.2m/s

Question 33

What pathology does mycoplasm ovipneumoniae cause?

Answer 33

Interstitial cuffing

Question 34

What mycoplasma virulence factor prediposes animals to other respiratory infections and how?

Answer 34

Hydrogen peroxide production induces cilliostasis

Question 35

What percentage of carcase value is lost due to ORC in Spain?

Answer 35

7%

Question 36

What proporiton of lambs at slaughter show evidence of ORC?

Answer 36

22-26% in NZ, 30-34% in Spain

Question 37

For every 10% of lung surface affected by ORC, how much liveweight per month was lost?

Answer 37

1kg/month

Question 38

What percentage delay in slaughter is expected witt ORC?

Answer 38

10-14%. 34% if pleural adhesions present