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Small ruminants > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

From what month onwards does oestrsis peak in the Mediterranean?

A

May

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2
Q

Describe the nasal discharge associated with oestrosis

A

seromucous progressing to haemmorrhagic

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3
Q

Why do clinical signs of oestrosis worsen with subsequent reinfection?

A

Hypersensitivity reaction

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4
Q

Which life stagesof oestrus ovis can hypobiose and during which climatic conditions?

A

First stage larvae and pupae. Drought and cold.

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5
Q

How long does oestrus ovis larval development in the host take?

A

2-10 months

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6
Q

Which treatments are available for oestrosis (and route)

A

ivermectin (injectable). Eprinomectin (injectable or pour-on)

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7
Q

Does oestrosis affects goats or sheep worse?

A

Sheep. (Goats have more sensitive nostrils!)

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8
Q

Exaplin the self-cure phenomenon seen in oestrosis

A

Subsequent larval challenge can trigger an immune response that eliminates a pre-existing mature infection.

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9
Q

What is a potential sequelum to chronic oestrosis?

A

Interstitial pneumonia

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10
Q

What family of viruses does ENTV belong to?

A

Beta-retroviruses

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11
Q

Which ENTV strains infect sheep and goats respectively?

A

ENTV-1 in sheep, ENTV-2 in goats

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12
Q

Which ENTV protein triggers oncogenesis?

A

env

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13
Q

Describe the discharge seen in ENTV cases

A

Copious sero-mucoid

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14
Q

How is ENTV best diagnosed? What clinical diagnostics can help?

A

RT-PCR. sinus percussion and endoscopy.

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15
Q

What is the prognosis for Enzootic nasal tumour?

A

Death within 3 months

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16
Q

Which pathogen causes chronic proliferative rhinitis

A

Salmonella enterica diarizonae

17
Q

Which fungi can cause nasal/facial deviations? (tropical regions)

A

Conidobolus spp and Pythium insidiosum

18
Q

Name the causative agent of meliodosis (bacterial rhitiis of tropical goats)

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

19
Q

Describe the respiratory clinical signs seen with carprine Herpes virus infection. What other systems can be affected?

A

Fibronecrotic ulceration of the nasal septum, catarrhal rhinitis.
Systemic signs. Vulvovaginitis or balanoposthitis

20
Q

Which breed of sheep is predisposed to laryngeal chondritis

A

Texel

21
Q

Which cells are infected and onco-converted in OPA infection?

A

Bronchial club cells and type-ii pneumocytes

22
Q

What is the sensitivity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid PCR for OPA

A

90%

23
Q

Name the three species of lungworm in small ruminants. WHich is most severe in each species?

A

Dictycaulus fillaria (Sheep). Muellerius cappilaris (Goats). Protostrongylus rufescens

24
Q

Name the 4 bacteria and 3 viruses involved in ovine respiratory complex

A

Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Bibersteinia trehalosi, Mycoplsama ovipneumoniae.
RSV, adenovirus, PI3.

25
Q

How does transient border disease infection affect ovine respitoray complex risk?

A

Raises 2.1 fold (transient leukopaenia)

26
Q

How heritable is ORC susceptibility?

A

Poorly

27
Q

Are males or females more at risk of pneumonia?

A

Males

28
Q

Which wind direction is associated with pneumonia in Spain?

A

Suoth-west (warm and wet)

29
Q

What is the recommended stocking area for a lamb of 25kg

A

0.4m2

30
Q

What humidity levels are optimum for lung health?

A

55-80%

31
Q

What air volume is recommended for each housed lamb?

A

3-5 m3

32
Q

What is the maximum recommended draught speed for lambs housed in winter

A

0.2m/s

33
Q

What pathology does mycoplasm ovipneumoniae cause?

A

Interstitial cuffing

34
Q

What mycoplasma virulence factor prediposes animals to other respiratory infections and how?

A

Hydrogen peroxide production induces cilliostasis

35
Q

What percentage of carcase value is lost due to ORC in Spain?

A

7%

36
Q

What proporiton of lambs at slaughter show evidence of ORC?

A

22-26% in NZ, 30-34% in Spain

37
Q

For every 10% of lung surface affected by ORC, how much liveweight per month was lost?

A

1kg/month

38
Q

What percentage delay in slaughter is expected witt ORC?

A

10-14%. 34% if pleural adhesions present

Small ruminants (13 decks)

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