Miscellaneous / late additions Flashcards by Mike Evans

What class of toxin is contained in Meadow Saffron (crocus)? What clinical signs does it cause?

Alkaloid. Salivation, colic, diarrhoea, death

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What class of toxin is contained within Jimson weed? What clinical signs does it cause?

Alkaloid. Dry mouth, tremors, tachycardia, mydriasis

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Groundsel (pictured) and ragwort contain which class of toxin?

pyrrolizidine alkaloid

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What are the signs of yew poisoning?

trembling, dyspnoea, ataxia, bradycardia and collapse

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What class of toxin is contained in Oleander? What are the clinical signs?

Cardiac glycoside. (Plus GI toxins). Vomitting, colic, brady/tachy dysrhythmias

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What class of toxin is contained in lily of the valley?

Cardiac glycoside (and GI irritants)

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What toxin class is contained in cherry laurel?

cyanogenic glycoside

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What clinical signs are seen with rhododendron poisoning?

Abdominal pain, excessive salivation, green nasal discharge associated with vomiting attempts, tachycardia, tachypnoea, pyrexia and ataxia

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How many consecutive years of vaccination at what coverage rate would be needed to eradicate bluetongue form an endemically infected area?

5 years at 95% coverage

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How long after the second dose of a bluetnogue vaccine is immunity generally established?

21 days

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For which BTV serotypes has transplacental transmission in sheep been shown?

8 & 2 (11 in cattle)

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For what length of journey is a certificate of vehicle approval and journey log required?

> 8 hours

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For what journeys is a transporter authorisation not required?

Journeys <65km or those to visit a vet

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What details are required to be recorded and carried with an animal transporter irrespective of the journey length

Animal origin and ownership
Place of departure
Date and time of departure
Intended destination
Expected duration of journey

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For what long journeys can derogations removing the need for a journey log apply?

Journeys <12h within a single member state, where that member state has applied for the derogation.

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Up to what stage of gestation can pregnant females be transported?

90%

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How far can lambs under 1 week of age be transported?

Under 100km, provided their navel has healed. (Although dams cannot travel within 1 week of parturition.)

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Lambs under what weight must be provided with absorbant bedding material during transport

20kg

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Where loading of a transporter is anticapted to take more than 4 hours, what must be provided?

Lairage with feed and water that does not require the animals to be tied.

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How much feed and water must be carried for sheep on journeys greater than 24h?

2% of liveweight in fodder
1.8% of liveweight in concentrates
4l of water (or 10% of liveweight)
Plus 3 days supply or 25% as spares (whichever is greater)

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What is the maximum journey time for unweaned animals? After how long must they be given a break to receive milk? How long must that break be?

18 hours. Break after 9 hours. Break at least one hour long

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What is the maximum journey length weaned ruminants may be transported before they require a 24h rest? How must this journey be broken down?

Maximum journey of 28h. A break of at least 1 hour after 14 hours.

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During road transport, how much space must shorn sheep and lambs under 55kg be given?
The same space allowance applies to goats of what weight?

0.2-0.3 m2
Goats <35kg

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During road transport how much space must heavily pregnant ewes/goats >55kg be given?

> 0.5 m2

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What is the minimum length of chain required for tethered goats?

If sheep are shorn during winter housing, how long must the fleece have grown back to before they can be turned out?

15-20mm

How much space is recommended for a lowland ewe during pregnancy? How much less is need for a hill breed?

1.2-1.4 m2 Hill breeds 0.2 m2 less

How much space is needed for a hill ewe with lambs at foot? How much extra space is needed for a lowland breed?

1.8-2.0 m2 Lowland breeds need 0.2 m2 more

Hw much floorspace is needed for a housed lamb 3-12 months old?

0.75-0.9 m2

What ear positions are associated with pain in sheep according to the sheep pain facial expression scale?

Tense, backwards or downwards

What ocular change is associated with pain in sheep according to the SPFES?

Orbital tightening

What change in the cheeks is associated with pain?

flattening of the cheeks (reduced convexity)

What change in the nose is associated with pain?

tightening of the nose giving a 'V' shape

What is the EU legal limit for copper content in sheep feed?

15mg/kg

What iron concentration is recommended in ruminant feed? How do ruminants cope with excessive dietary iron

50mg/kg. Hepcidin mediated downregulation of intestinal absorption.

Which plants can cause anaemia? (Three mechanisms)

Haemorrhage: Coumarin containing (e.g. sweet clover, woodruff, tonka) or Haemorrhage + bone marrow destruction: Ptaquilaside (bracken) Haemolysis: Aliums, brassicas

What does high milk urea suggest about a diet?

there is too much erdp relative to the energy content

Polymorphisms in which gene are associated with less seasonal reproduction?

Melatonin receptor

Which superfamily of genes affecting fecundity includes the Boroola, BMP and FecX genes?

Transforming Growth Factor B

Which bacterial genus is most commonly siolated from both mandibular osteomyeltitis lesions and normal mouths in sheep?

Streptococcus

Which agent causes Malignant Cattarhal Fever in cattle? Does it cause pathology in sheep?

Ovine Herpes Virus 2. Usuaully no, but can cause polyarteritis nodosa (systemic necrotising vasculitis)

Production of which immune effector is assocaited with responses against Toxoplasma in vaccinated animals?

Nitrous Oxide

What is the most common malignant neoplasia of goats?

Thymoma

What effect does selenised yeast have on goat milk compared to inorgnaic selenium supplementation?

Higher fat, protein and selenium. Lower SCC.

What effect does SRLV have on cheese yield from goat's milk?

Reduces yield by approx 5g per litre

Name a cause of abscessation of superficial lymph nodes other than CLA

Morel's disease. S. aureus anaerobius

List the 4 EMA antibiotic classifications

A - Avoid - Do not use B - Restrict - Only if C&S shows no other option C - Caution - Only if there's no cat D D - Prudence - First line treatment but only if necessary

List antibiotic classes in Cat A

Carbapenams, Streptogrammins, Ketolides, Rifamycins

List antibiotic classes in Cat B

3rd & 4th cephalosporins Quinolones Polymixins

List antibiotic classes in Cat C

Aminoglycosides (excpet spectino-) Amino penicillins/clavulanate Amphenicols Lincosamides Pleuromutilins Macrolides

List antibiotics in cat D (8)

Penicillins Tetracyclines Spectinomycin Sulphonamides Polypeptides (none) Steroid (fusidic) Nitroimidazole Nitrofuran

List the five freedoms

Pain, injury, disease Discomfort Hunger and Thirst Fear and Distress To express normal behaviour

List the nine components of the assurewel welfare assessment for sheep

Individual lameness Flock lameness BCS Dirtiness Fleece loss Sheep in need of further care Short docked tails Castration/tails records Mortality records

List four indicators for feed and water access in hosued goats

BCS Hair condition score Queueing to feed Queueing to drink

List 3 welfare indicators for assessing housing of housed goats

Bedding Thermal stress Kneeling at feedrack

List 10 welfare indicators for good health in housed goats

Lameness BCS Faecal soiling coat condition Nasal discharge Oblivion Ocular discharge Overgrown claws Udder assymetry Improper disbudding

List 4 welfare indicators for behaviour in housed goats

Queueing Oblivion Latency to first contact Qualiative behavioural assessment

What control measures could be applied in a Rift Valley Fever outbreak>

HUman inactivated vaccine (at risk populations first). Livestock vaccines: attenuated in highest risk areas, inactivated around that. Ban on slaughter and butchering Vector risk management

How long does each stage of L. sericata life cycle take?

Eggs: 12-24h Larvae 1-3: 3-8 days depending on temperature Pupae: 1-2 weeks Adult emergence to sexual maturity: 1-2 weeks

List 4 pillars of flystrike prevention

Prevenative treatment Minimise fleece attractiveness Treat lame sheep promptly Reduce fly population

In which tissue/fluid can FMD virus be detected first (before clinical signs)

Milk

What is the licensed dose rate for triclabendazole in sheep?

10mg/kg

What are the licensed dose rates for albendazole in sheep?

5mg/kg worms, 7.5mg/kg fluke

What is the licensed dose rate for ivermectin in sheep?

0.2mg/kg oral or injectable

What is the licensed dose rate for levamisole in sheep?

7.5mg/kg

What is the licensed dose rate for topical eprinomectin in sheep and goats? And injectable?

1mg/kg 0.2mg/kg

What is the licensed dose rate for oxyclozanaide in sheep?

15mg/kg

What is the licensedose rate for closantel in sheep?

10mg/kg

What volume of 25% solution of magnesium sulphate is licensed for sheep?

Up to 75ml

What is the licensed dose rate of tulathromycin in sheep?

2.5mg/kg

What is the licensed dose rate of monepantel in sheep?

2.5mg/kg

List the four most important tick species in Europe

Ixodes ricinus Dermacentor marginatus Rhipicephalus bursa Haemaphyalis punctata

What causes the increased joint size in SRLV arthritis

Chronic proliferative arthritis with hypoertrophy and hypoerplasia of synoviocytes leading to increased fluid prodution in addition to inflammation.

List the means of transmission for sheep/goat pox

Direct contact (1-2 months) Aerosols Fomites (6 months) Insect bites

What volume of lidocaine should be injected for lumbosacral epidurals?

1ml per 10kg

What is the recommended dose for xylazine?

0.05-0.1mg/kg

What is the recommended dose of ketamine?

5-10mg/kg

What is the dose range for detomidine?

5-30ug/kg

What doses are used for a ketamine triple stun sedation?

0.025-0.05mg/kg xylazine 0.05-1mg.kg butorphanol 0.3-0.5mg/kg ketamine

On a dry matter basis, what is the protein and energy content of barley?

12% 18MJ

On a dry matter basis, what is the protein and energy content of maize?

19MJ 9% protein

On a dry matter basis, what is the protein and energy content of brewers grains?

26% protein 20 MJ

On a dry matter basis, what is the protein and energy content of soybeans?

40% 23MJ

On a dry matter basis, what is the energy content of average hay and silage as fed?

8MJ 10MJ

List the stages of the fluke lifecycle

Egg Miracidia Sporocyst Redia Cercaria Metacercaria Juvenile Adult

How does tetanotoxin cause continued muscle contraction

Blocks the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and glycine.