Multisystem/cardiovascular Flashcards
What protein level in silage is associated with higher quality colostrum?
12%
What serum igG level can be used as a cut-off for FPT?
15mg/ml
What Brix reading should sheep and goat colostrum be?
Sheep: >26.5%
Goats: >22%
What serum total protein level can be used as a cut-off for FPT?
> 65g/dl
What volume of plasma should be transfused to a neonate with FPT?
20-40ml/kg
What proportion of yearlings were affected in a recent Spanish outbreak of Anaplasma ovis?
20%
What signs were seen in a recent Spanish outbreak of Anaplasma ovis? Are these signs common?
Cachexia, anaemia, epiphora, sporadic abortion, jaundice
No - often more mild anameia +/- haemoglobinuria
Which ticks transmit Anaplasma ovis?
Can any other speices act as vectors?
Hyalomma, Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus
Yes, sheep keds
How is Anaplasma ovis diagnosed?
Blood smear (within RBCs) or PCR for clinical cases. Antibody detected 10 days.
How long post infection with Anaplasma ovis does the anaemia peak?
44 days
In endemic situations when are clinical Mycoplasma ovis cases often seen?
In youngstock c. 6 weeks after husbandry events
In cases of Mycoplasma ovis, where are red blood cells lysed? What impact does this have on diagnosis? Are there exceptions to this?
Within the spleen. Blood smears are often false negative as infected cells removed to spleen. Sometimes oxidative damge can cause intravascular haemolysis leading to fever and icterus.
Is Mycoplasma ovis zoonotic?
Yes in immunosuppressed people.
Which babesia life-stage passes from tick to host?
Sporozoites
Where do Babesia merozoites multiply?
RBCs
Which ticks are the main vectors for Babesia? In which can transovarial transmission occur?
Rhipicephalus and Boophilus. Transovarial transmission in Rhipicephalus
How is Mycoplasma ovis diagnosed?
PCR
List the three Babesia spp that infect small ruminants? Which are most pathogenic?
Babesia ovis (worst in sheep)
Babesia motasi (worst in goats)
Babesia crassa (least pathogenic)
How is babesiosis treated?
Imidocarb or Diminazene
What environmental coniditons does Ixodes ricinus require?
80% humidity
>3C
vegetation cover > 6months
What bacteria causes Heartwater?
Erlichia ruminantum
Which parasites transmit heartwater?
Amblyomma
What signs does heartwater cause? what is the pathophysiology?
Oedema in all tissues. In brain, giving nervous signs, and in lungs, leading to eventual death. Caused by damage to endothelial cells.
How is heartwater diagnosed?
Smear of hippocampus
How long can C. pseudotuberculosis survive in sheep dip? On fomites? In soil?
2 hours. 8 weeks. 8 months
What protection rates are seen with CLA PLD vaccination? What implications does this have have usage?
25-90%. (Must use according to label.) Takes several years to control as infectious pressure gradually decreases.
What effect does holding sheep together for more than 1 hour post-shearing have on CLA risk?
Increases risk 3 fold
