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peds > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

treatment of mycoplasma

A

macrolide - kids

levofloxacin - adults /teens

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2
Q

age for mycoplasma and pattern on x ray

A

> 5

usually an interstitial type usually Lower lobe

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3
Q

diagnosis of pneumocystis + treatment

A

BAL + gastric washings(early in the moring ) but a lot of kids will still ne negative its quite difficult

biseptol!

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4
Q

lab findings which indicates strep pneumonia

A 
a very sudden onset 
high fever
herpes  
septic condition 
abc >15 000
CRP more than 100
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5
Q

Prevention of pneumonia

A

h. Infuenza type b vaccine
Flu vaccine
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

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6
Q

destructive pneumonia caise

A

staph /strep
group A
klebsiella - bilateral +smaller
pseudomonoans

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7
Q

destructive pneumonia complications

A

sepsis
bull rupturing (life threatening)
pericarditis

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8
Q

what does infiltrate give you on examination

A

bronchophony

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9
Q

key word for nectrotzing pneumonias

A

cavities

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10
Q

which ideates do you do a cold agglutination test

A

mycoplasma pneumonia are IG M antibodies

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11
Q

empirical treatment for all pneumonias regardless of type

A

cephalosporins

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12
Q

antistaphy drugs

A

vancomycin+ clindamycin

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13
Q

definition of chronic pneumonia

A

> 3 months

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14
Q

will there always be stridor in a foreign body

A

no depends on the location if upper then yes but if lower then more likely coughing

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15
Q

which bronchus gets more affected by foreign bodies

A

right cos its more vertical

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16
Q

what’s important to always remember about pneumonias

A

always localised!

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17
Q

> 2 in pneumonia

A

more likely to be infiltrate (localised)

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18
Q

which disease is associated with vomitting

A

whooping cough

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19
Q

causes of stridor

A

upper airway obstruction
croup
epiglottis laryngitis

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20
Q

what age are children mostt likely to get brocnhiollits

A

<6 months

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21
Q

lab finding ABG bronhcioloitis

A

acidosis due to hypercapnia

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22
Q

most common cause of pneumonia is neonates top 3

A

e.coli
chlamydia
listeria monocytogense

s.pneumonia
h.influenz

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23
Q

general treatment for pneumonia

what does zinc do

A

amoxicillin - mild
severe- co amoxiclav
if mycoplasma- add macrolide

in poor counttries it helps with recovery

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24
Q

can you have crackles in bronhcioloitis

A

yes

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25
Q

what organisms are a precursor to brochieactatsis

A

morexella catrrhalis + h. influenza

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26
Q

types of bronchiactiais

A

generalised - CF , PRMARY ciliary dyskinesia

focal - previous sever pneumonia, foreign body

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27
Q

main symptom of bronchieacasi s

A

wet cough (purulent)

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28
Q

other signs of bronhcieatayts

A 
clubbing 
hemoptosqis 
wheezing 
dyspnea 
coughing 
fatigue 
weigh loss ]
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29
Q

labs of cf

A

metabolic alkalosis

hyonatremia + hypochloremia

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30
Q

syndrome of CF

A

oedema
anemia
hypoproetinemia
malabsorption

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31
Q

what respiratory condition is rectal propse associated with

A

CF

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32
Q

DIAGNOSIS OF CF

A

trypinsogen in blood - high
fecal elastase - in faeces in low
sweat test - standard >60 abnormal
genetic screening

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33
Q

what values of sweat test indicate cF

A

> 60

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34
Q

tx CF

A 
CREON
mucolytics 
antibiotics prophylaxis 
vitamin supplements
ppi (gerd)
bone scans for osteoporosis
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35
Q

negative test for sweat test

A

<40

36
Q

how many times do you do sweat test

A

at least 2 times

37
Q

IGRA

A

Blood test to diagnose tb but cannot differentiate between latent + active infection

38
Q

types of tb

A
  1. latent - asymptomatic

2. active

39
Q

why is it hard to diagnose Tb

A

children find it hard to produce sputum

also in children there is few tb bacteria , sample not enough

40
Q

dx of tb

A

LIP - lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis which happens in some kids with TB so all children with tb should be tested for HIV and vice versa

41
Q

which tb drug causes peripheral neuropathy

A

isoniazid

42
Q

should we treat symptomatic children with TB

A

yes to decrease the risk of reactivation later in life give them rifampicin +isoniazid for 3 months or just I for 6 months.

43
Q

CI for bcg vaccine

A

HIV as it is a live vaccine

immunodeficiency

44
Q

spirometry values for asthma

A

FeV1- decreased
FVC- normal or slightly decrease
ratio- less than 70%

45
Q

signs not suggestive of asthma

A 
clubbing 
symptoms done get worse at night 
productive cough 
normal lung function tests
wheezing immediately after birth 
unilateral wheezing - ASTHMA IS DIFFUSE!
46
Q

when do we diagnose asthma

A

> 2

47
Q

when can we perform spirometry

A

> 5 years

48
Q

side effects of salbutwmal

A

hypo k
tremors
tachycardia + myocardial ischemia

49
Q

asthma attach management

A

predislon - 3 days regarless of severity

SABA

50
Q

common age for tonsillitis to occur

A

3-5

51
Q

what do we avoid giving in toniliaiti

A

amzociillin cos maculopapular rash

52
Q

indications for adenoidectomy

A

osa
recurrent tonsilitis
abscess in tonsil
recurrent otitis media with effusion

53
Q

common age for otitis media

A

6-12 months

54
Q

most likely cause of otitis media

A

s.pneumonia

55
Q

what to look out for in otitis media

A

unexplained fever !

otoscope - red bulging membrane loss of light reflex

56
Q

complication of otitis

A

mastoiditis
meningits
hearing loss

57
Q

otitis media with effusion

A

as a result of recurrent infections
otoscope: dull membrane
can cause deafness

58
Q

which sinus is not present at birth

A

frontal

59
Q

age for croup

A

<6

60
Q

true croup cause

pseudo croup

A

diphtheria

other viruses, bacteria

61
Q

key feature of croup

A

no drooling

barking cough

62
Q

treatment of croup

A

self limiting

severe: give cs, nebuliser adrenaline

63
Q

x ray sign for croup

A

steeple sign (tapering trachea)

64
Q

bacterial tracheitis causes

A

staph + strep

65
Q

tracheitis vs croup

A

tracheiits has a higher fever

more severe obstruction with more secretions

66
Q

how to treat tracheitis

A

treat with croup protocol but then the condition will not improve AS U NEED ANTIBIOTICS

67
Q

cause of epiglottis

A

h. influenza

68
Q

key points for epiglottis

A

cough is not the leading factor
severe intoxication
drooling
muffled voice

69
Q

sign for epiglottis on x ray

A

thumb sign

70
Q

tx epiglottis

A

antibiotics - cephalosporins

71
Q

which disease do we give nebuliser adrenaline

A

croup

72
Q

what type of stridor is the worst

A

when its very soft

73
Q

hand foot and mouth disease is caused by

A

coxakie virus (belongs to enterovirus family)

74
Q

values for positive ASO titre

A

> 200

75
Q

how to dx bronchiolotis + pneumonia

A

pneumonia - appear more toxic and higher fever and wheezing is not as predominant

bronchiolotits- often a history of a viral

76
Q

is there hyperinflation in CF

A

yes there can be

77
Q

is CF associated with lung abscess

A

no abscess are uncommon in pedes and often causes by aspiration

78
Q

asthmatic that improves then quickly detroriates

A

tension pneumothorax

79
Q

1st line therapy ASTHMA

A
  1. salbutwmal

2. CS second line

80
Q

mild croup

severe croup

A

mild - cs

severe - adrenaline

81
Q

what kind of lung disease is CF

most common lN affected TB

A

obstructive

hilar, then cervical
scrofula (submandibular)

82
Q

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

flase negative TST

A

an exaggerated response to aspergillum occurigm most often in CF

immunodeficiency (too weak to even mount a response)
too early on in illness

83
Q

Mantoux tets

miliary tb diagnois

A

48-72 h

liver or bone marrow bipsy

84
Q

tb meningitis

what can hilar lymphadenpathy cause

A

DEXAMTHESOSN initially

air trapping and hyperinflation
can also compress trachea and bronchi

85
Q

FROSTED GLASS

in which condition may TST be non reactive

A

PNEUMOCYSTIS

miliary Tb due to anergy

peds (26 decks)

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