GI Flashcards
typical age of PS
main points and cause and key ABG findings and signs
tx
6- 8 weeks /2 months
not sure but increased risk
-males, premature, family history, use of erythromycin, hypergastrinemia
CAn HAVE JAUNDICE - due to decreased enzyme activity (indirect )
ULTRASOUND findings
thickness >3mm
hypertophic pyloric sphincter
its progressive so symptoms will get worse over time
postprandial vomiitng so baby still hungry
olive shaped mass in RUQ/epigatrium
peristalitc waves moving from L to R
increased gastric bubble on x ray as GOO
hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
tx- pylomyotomy but if CI then endoscopic baloon dilation
shoulder sign - us
string sign - barium
chronic non specific diarrhoea
6m - 5 years
children are well and thriving
colicky pain
stools can contain undigested food and mucous
loose stools are not due to malabsorption
stools are not always due malabsorption
diagnosis of chronic non specific
most common location for intussception and epidemiology and signs and tx
stool samples
ilio colic and more common in males and mostly under age of 2
target sign
air reduction or barium (air is better)
asses anthropemterics
tx of chronic non specific
diet changes - increase fat and decrease milk/fruit juice and sugary drinks
chroens disease other general symptoms
fever fatigue
delayed puberty!! (LIKE OTHER CHRONIC INFLMAMATORY DISEASES LIKE juveanille atrhitis, CF)
extraintetsinal thrones
eyes uveitis skin tags fistulas ]mouth ulcers arthirits erythema nodsusm
diagnosis of IBD
labs
Endoscopy labs are not enough
fecal calprotectib
PANCA, ASCA, ANA
labs: inflammatory markers,, leukkocytosis, thrombocytosis
specific antibodies for chrones
panca -
asca +
specific antibodies for UC
panca +
aSca -
tx thrones
polymeric diet (liquid diet ) also called whole protein modular feed to rest uur good for 6- 8 weeks
aminosalicylates
TX FOR giardiaasis
used specifically for UC
metronadizole
breast fed baby poo vs formula
yellow
more runny compared to formula
seedy
don’t poop as frequently
organic causes of constipation
hypocacemia
dehydration - diabtes
hypothyroidism
drugs- anticholinergics + opiates
treatment of constipation
disimpaction
stool softeners- polythene glycol
laxative - lactulouse
last resort - enerma
why would u do RAST test for chronic cosntipation
check if its allergies causing
features for galactosaemia
Hepatomegaly brain damage retardation jaundice cataracts
diagnosis of galactosemia
galactose in urine
low levels of galactose 1 phosphate urdidyl transferee
Interesting about galactosaemia
hydrogen breath test is used for
babies are predisposed to E. coli sepsis
lactose intolerance
interesting fact of hep c
not given before three years old because it can’t actually resolve spontaneously
autoimmune hepatitis
7-10
girls
anti smooth muscle and antinuclear
which conditions are associated with projectile vomitting
CAH
PS
ICP
diagnosis for cows milk allergy
double blind placebo
skin prick tests
Wilsons disease labs
ceruloplasmin + COPPER LOW
copper in tissue
eye exam
typical age for appendicitis
<3
Non-specific abdominal pain
pain that resolves in 1 to 2 days
Presents with a pain similar to appendicitis but less severe tenderness in the right lower quadrant often comes with the respiratory infection and cervical lymph nodes if it doesn’t improve remove the appendix
malrotation
prone to volvulus
Ladd bands co press duodenum
bilous vomitting
when does malformation usually present
within first month of life
abdominal migraine
midline pain
you get headaches, ,vomiitng pillow
tx antimigrain medication
when can you get melaena in an lower gI bleed
when its in the small intestines or ascending colon
what is azathioprine
daignoss of lactose intolerance
immunosuppressant used in IBD, RA ,
hydrogen breath test
stool <5.5
ursodeoxycholic acid
primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and for the dissolution of radiolucent gallstones in patients
what are biological agents
dumping syndrome symptoms
the use of monoclonal ab’s
divided into GI and vasomotor such as flushing, sweating,palpatations, intense desire to lie down
food poisoninf vs gasttroenteriits
food: usually bacterial
gastro, usually virall, more dull pain
food: more acutte , the food has been cotnaminated , sharp pain, more severe , sweating
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dx of gastreoneteritis
food poisining
IBS
IBd
s
signs of iBS , criteria for diagnosos
dx
alternating bowel habits - diarrhea / cosntipation
freuency and urgency
mucous stool
abdominal bloating
celiac : diarrhea and blooding
colon cancer: altered bowl habits
ibd
tx for IBS
causes of dumping sysndrome
diet is the mainstay trying low fodmap foods
but also pshycotherapy and excercise
surgery and avoid drinking fluids with meals, wait at least 30 mins, avoid milk and simple sugars
celiac disease gender and symptoms and cause at what age does it clasically present
disproprotionately affects women
drum stick
n&v
dermititis herpetiformis (buttocks + extonsor surfaces)
failure to thrive/ wieght loss
fat absoroption - steatorrhea
diarrhea
anemia!!!
T CELL AUTOANTIBODY
when mothes start weaning babies and introducing them to gluten around 9-24 months
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rf celiac
if vomit has fecal material where is the obstruction
strong family history
HLA DQ2/DQ8
other autoimmune (type 1
large intestine
the antibodies in celiac
DIAGNOSIS
early malabsopripon vs late malabsorption
anti - TTG (ig A)
anti gliadin antibodies
endomysial antibodies
there is also an iG G antibody too
Biopsy - will see t lymphocyte infiltration
endoscipy - flattned villi
early: fats
late: folate, proteins , ca2+
complications of celiac disease
anemia
cancer : non h lymphma
osteoproesis
develop a lactose intolerance
bowel cancer
HYPOSPELNISM (encapsulated risk)- but more so adults
kwashiokor- protiens
edema -
bleeding - vitamin k
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chronci diarrhea causes
cows milk allergy ]lactose intolerance
cf and celiac
IBS and IBS
Symptoms of CF
not just pancrease affceted other excrocrine glans
- dry mouth (increased risk of infection)
- -infertility
- diabtes mellitus
- liver failure
- heat intolerance
tx for GERD
postion of feeding after feeding burp the child and keep upright
thicken the food
fromula change
avoid overfeeing
avoid tirggers like cows milk allergy
pharmacotherpay
