GI Flashcards

1
Q

typical age of PS

main points and cause and key ABG findings and signs

tx

A

6- 8 weeks /2 months

not sure but increased risk
-males, premature, family history, use of erythromycin, hypergastrinemia

CAn HAVE JAUNDICE - due to decreased enzyme activity (indirect )

ULTRASOUND findings
thickness >3mm

hypertophic pyloric sphincter
its progressive so symptoms will get worse over time
postprandial vomiitng so baby still hungry
olive shaped mass in RUQ/epigatrium
peristalitc waves moving from L to R

increased gastric bubble on x ray as GOO

hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

tx- pylomyotomy but if CI then endoscopic baloon dilation

shoulder sign - us
string sign - barium

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2
Q

chronic non specific diarrhoea

A

6m - 5 years
children are well and thriving
colicky pain
stools can contain undigested food and mucous
loose stools are not due to malabsorption
stools are not always due malabsorption

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3
Q

diagnosis of chronic non specific

most common location for intussception and epidemiology and signs and tx

A

stool samples

ilio colic and more common in males and mostly under age of 2

target sign

air reduction or barium (air is better)

asses anthropemterics

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4
Q

tx of chronic non specific

A

diet changes - increase fat and decrease milk/fruit juice and sugary drinks

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5
Q

chroens disease other general symptoms

A

fever fatigue

delayed puberty!! (LIKE OTHER CHRONIC INFLMAMATORY DISEASES LIKE juveanille atrhitis, CF)

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6
Q

extraintetsinal thrones

A
eyes uveitis
skin tags 
fistulas ]mouth ulcers 
arthirits 
erythema nodsusm
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7
Q

diagnosis of IBD

labs

A

Endoscopy labs are not enough
fecal calprotectib
PANCA, ASCA, ANA

labs: inflammatory markers,, leukkocytosis, thrombocytosis

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8
Q

specific antibodies for chrones

A

panca -

asca +

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9
Q

specific antibodies for UC

A

panca +

aSca -

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10
Q

tx thrones

A

polymeric diet (liquid diet ) also called whole protein modular feed to rest uur good for 6- 8 weeks

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11
Q

aminosalicylates

TX FOR giardiaasis

A

used specifically for UC

metronadizole

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12
Q

breast fed baby poo vs formula

A

yellow
more runny compared to formula
seedy
don’t poop as frequently

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13
Q

organic causes of constipation

A

hypocacemia
dehydration - diabtes
hypothyroidism
drugs- anticholinergics + opiates

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14
Q

treatment of constipation

A

disimpaction
stool softeners- polythene glycol
laxative - lactulouse
last resort - enerma

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15
Q

why would u do RAST test for chronic cosntipation

A

check if its allergies causing

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16
Q

features for galactosaemia

A

Hepatomegaly brain damage retardation jaundice cataracts

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17
Q

diagnosis of galactosemia

A

galactose in urine

low levels of galactose 1 phosphate urdidyl transferee

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18
Q

Interesting about galactosaemia

hydrogen breath test is used for

A

babies are predisposed to E. coli sepsis

lactose intolerance

19
Q

interesting fact of hep c

A

not given before three years old because it can’t actually resolve spontaneously

20
Q

autoimmune hepatitis

A

7-10
girls
anti smooth muscle and antinuclear

21
Q

which conditions are associated with projectile vomitting

A

CAH
PS
ICP

22
Q

diagnosis for cows milk allergy

A

double blind placebo

skin prick tests

23
Q

Wilsons disease labs

A

ceruloplasmin + COPPER LOW
copper in tissue
eye exam

24
Q

typical age for appendicitis

A

<3

25
Q

Non-specific abdominal pain

A

pain that resolves in 1 to 2 days
Presents with a pain similar to appendicitis but less severe tenderness in the right lower quadrant often comes with the respiratory infection and cervical lymph nodes if it doesn’t improve remove the appendix

26
Q

malrotation

A

prone to volvulus
Ladd bands co press duodenum
bilous vomitting

27
Q

when does malformation usually present

A

within first month of life

28
Q

abdominal migraine

A

midline pain
you get headaches, ,vomiitng pillow
tx antimigrain medication

29
Q

when can you get melaena in an lower gI bleed

A

when its in the small intestines or ascending colon

30
Q

what is azathioprine

daignoss of lactose intolerance

A

immunosuppressant used in IBD, RA ,

hydrogen breath test
stool <5.5

31
Q

ursodeoxycholic acid

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and for the dissolution of radiolucent gallstones in patients

32
Q

what are biological agents

dumping syndrome symptoms

A

the use of monoclonal ab’s

divided into GI and vasomotor such as flushing, sweating,palpatations, intense desire to lie down

33
Q

food poisoninf vs gasttroenteriits

A

food: usually bacterial
gastro, usually virall, more dull pain

food: more acutte , the food has been cotnaminated , sharp pain, more severe , sweating

34
Q

```

d
~~~

dx of gastreoneteritis

A

food poisining
IBS
IBd

35
Q

s

signs of iBS , criteria for diagnosos

dx

A

alternating bowel habits - diarrhea / cosntipation

freuency and urgency
mucous stool

abdominal bloating

celiac : diarrhea and blooding
colon cancer: altered bowl habits
ibd

36
Q

tx for IBS

causes of dumping sysndrome

A

diet is the mainstay trying low fodmap foods

but also pshycotherapy and excercise

surgery and avoid drinking fluids with meals, wait at least 30 mins, avoid milk and simple sugars

37
Q

celiac disease gender and symptoms and cause at what age does it clasically present

A

disproprotionately affects women

drum stick
n&v
dermititis herpetiformis (buttocks + extonsor surfaces)
failure to thrive/ wieght loss
fat absoroption - steatorrhea
diarrhea
anemia!!!

T CELL AUTOANTIBODY

when mothes start weaning babies and introducing them to gluten around 9-24 months

38
Q

```

```*

rf celiac

if vomit has fecal material where is the obstruction

A

strong family history
HLA DQ2/DQ8
other autoimmune (type 1

large intestine

39
Q

the antibodies in celiac
DIAGNOSIS

early malabsopripon vs late malabsorption

A

anti - TTG (ig A)
anti gliadin antibodies
endomysial antibodies
there is also an iG G antibody too

Biopsy - will see t lymphocyte infiltration
endoscipy - flattned villi

early: fats
late: folate, proteins , ca2+

40
Q

complications of celiac disease

A

anemia
cancer : non h lymphma
osteoproesis
develop a lactose intolerance
bowel cancer
HYPOSPELNISM (encapsulated risk)- but more so adults
kwashiokor- protiens
edema -
bleeding - vitamin k

41
Q

*

chronci diarrhea causes

A

cows milk allergy ]lactose intolerance
cf and celiac
IBS and IBS

42
Q

Symptoms of CF

A

not just pancrease affceted other excrocrine glans

  • dry mouth (increased risk of infection)
  • -infertility
    • diabtes mellitus
  • liver failure
  • heat intolerance
43
Q

tx for GERD

A

postion of feeding after feeding burp the child and keep upright
thicken the food
fromula change
avoid overfeeing
avoid tirggers like cows milk allergy
pharmacotherpay