Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

peds > malignancy > Flashcards

malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

MOST Common paediatric malignancy

how do we dx between AML and ALL in staining

A

ALL

AML - sudan black + and mPO+, pas + diffusion
ALL: none , pas + granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common age for all

A

2-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment for ALL

A

chemotherapy and intrathecal chemotherapy as normal drugs don’t cross the cns + CS

FOLLOW THE INDUCTION
CONSOLIDATION
MAINTENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most common symptoms and other symptoms for ALL

A 
BONE PAIN especially at night 
LETHARGY 
LYMPHADENOPATHY 
PALLOR 
EASY BRUSING 
FEVER 
recurrent infections - neutropenia

hepatospelenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

diagnosis of ALL

A

def: BM biopsy (>20% blast cells)and sent off for cytology
FLOW CYMETRY :CD19 B CD 7 T CELLS
CBC: can have pancytopenia but usually its 2 cell lines down like platelets + abc and in rare cases just 1 cell line
blood smear - blast cells
tumour lysis syndrome - high k+ etc
Chest x ray - mediastinal mass
LP - check cNS involvement

abdominal us - check for Organ infiltration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what’s the level of leukocytes in ALL

A

can be all 3 , but usually increased !

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

poor prognosis associated with ALL

A

Philladeplphia chromosome 9, 22

<1and >10
males
Cns involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which type of lymphoma Is more common in childhood

A

NHL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reed stenberg

A

seen in Hodgkin ‘owl eye’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which type of lymphoma is more common in general

A

NHL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Staging system for LYMPHOMAS

x ray for osteosacroma and defintive diagnosos

A

Ann harbour

new bony growths and periosteal reaction BONE BIPSY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. rf for Hodgkin lymphoma
  2. child with racoon eyes DX
A

EBV + HIV

neuroblastoma, child abuse and skull base fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which maliganies can present with mediastinal masses

A

leukemia and lymphomas but more common in lymphomas which are the most common cause of an anterior mediastinal mass in children and second in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what kind of transplant in leukemias and lymphomas and tx for osteosarcoma

A

leukemias-allogenic

all 3inc limb salvage surgery

lymphomas- autologous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

types of Hodgkin in detal

A

NS- fibrotic + cellular types and lacunar cells are charcteristic
mixed cellularity
lymphocyte rich
lymphocyte depleted

who has 2 classifications the CLASSIC(above)

NLP- nodular lymphocytic predominant subtype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

treatment for Hodgkin

what bones ar einvlved in osteosacroma

Ln in hodgkin

A

ABVD OR BEAUCOPP +/- RT

long bones esp the metaphysis

most common is cervical, supraclavicular and sometimes mediasinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which lymphoma has more extra nodal sites and where can it spread too

labs for hodgkin

A

NHL

waldeyers ring, gut (maltoma) , skin sezary syndrome

eosiniohilia
monocytosis
lymphopenia
neutrophila

18
Q

Burkits lymphoma

sighns of ewings

A

NHL - B cell lymphoma

night time pain
feeling a soft tissue mass
decreased ROM
PAIN

19
Q

Burkits lymphoma

types of staging hodgkin

A

NHL - B cell lymphoma

3 types

  1. endemic variant - commonly involves jaw and face
  2. sporadic variant
  3. immunodeficinecy- hIV

clinical staging and pathological staging and patholoigcal reuqires. laportomy and splenectomy

20
Q

nephroblastoma age

definfitve diagnosis for neuroblastoma

A

peak age 3-4 years old

bone marrow bipsy

21
Q

most common place of metastasis of wiilms tumour

A

lungs

22
Q

signs of films

A 
hypertension 
abdominal mass - distention 
hematuria 
UTI 
fever
23
Q

common site of metatsitis for neuroblastoma

WHICH IS MORE COMMONE OS OR EWINGS

boes affected

A

bones
osteosarcoma

OS: bones that form the knee and upper limb (proximal humerus)
EW: pelvis, ribs and tends to be more the diaphysis of bones but can be metaphysis

24
Q

origin of neuroblastoma

prognostic factors

A

adrenal glands, ut can start from other areas of body like sympathetic ganglia near the spine or abdomen

AGE IS VERY IMPORTANT, the younger the child the better <18 months old

25
Q

signs of neuroblastoma

key word for diagnosis of ewings

A 
swollen abdomen 
brushing around the eyes+dancing eyes
horners syndrome
bluish skin nodules (infants)
bone pain 
diarrhoea!
SYMPATHETIC: SWEATING, HYPERTENSION!

onion skin or ‘hair on end’ pattern on x ray, and small blue cell tumours

26
Q

what type of anmeia associated with NH L

types of benign bone tumours

A

NORMOCYTIC

osteoblastoma
osteochondroma
osteiod osteoma
osetoma
chrondroma
giant cell tumour

27
Q

IMPORTANT LABS FOR NHL (MCQS)

most common symptom of bone cancer

A

HIGH LDH
URIC ACID CAN BE HIGH
NOROMOCYTIC ANEMIA

bone pain

28
Q

what could cause raised copper levels, bone canceres coomonly metastisised too?

A

LYMPHOMAS

leukemias, RA , hemachromatosis

lUNGS, then bone

29
Q

colon cancer marker

tx for neuroblastoma

A

CEA

surgery if it hasnt spread anywhere and chemo if spread or even before surgery to shrink the tumours

RT too

30
Q

diagnosis of neurobkastima

dx of osteosacroma

A

NSE

ewings sarcoma - more likely to hvae raised ESR, LDH , fver anemia

chrondrosarcoma (more in adults)
osteomyelits , pain, systemic signs

Vanillylmandelic acid IN URINE

31
Q

TYPE OF SPECIAL SCAN FOR NERUOBLASTOMA

A

MIBG SCAN

(USED FOR PHEOCROMOCYTOMA AND NEUROBLASTMONA - cancers of nervous tissue)

32
Q

opsclonus myoclonus

what could labs for bone cancers show

A

seen in neuorblastoma

dancing eyes and muscle jerks in arms and legs

increased LDH+ ALP

33
Q

which tumour does not cross the midline usually and talk about heridatary retinoblastoma and the risks

A

WILMS

AD domiannt, these kids get the disease at an earlier age and its usuallay bilateral , risk of other cancers such as pineoblastoma

34
Q

WHAT GENETIC SYNDROMES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WILMS

A

beckwith wiedemann- macrosglossaia, omphalocele

WAGR syndrome
(wilms, aniridia, genitounrinary problems and mental retardation)

35
Q

in order of occurence of philidepliphia chromosom

A
  1. CML - mandatory
  2. ALL
  3. AML - least common
36
Q

WHEN DO WE SAY REMISSION HAS OCCURED FOR ALL

key words for diagnoses of OS

A

when less than 5% blast in the BM

codman triange, ‘sunburst appearance’

37
Q

which type of hodgkin lyphoma has the best prognosis and risk factors for osteosarcoma

A

lymphocyte rich

  • heridarty retinoblastoma
  • rothmand thomspon syndrome
  • -
38
Q

most common NHL IN KIDS and symptoms of osteosarcoma

A

BURKITS LYMPHOMA

prolonged bone pain (mistaken for sports injury or growing pains )
- pahtolgocial frcatures
- decreased ROM
- swelling!!! especially in the region of metaphyiss

39
Q

are nephro and neuroblastoma benign ?

most coomon bone cancer in kids

A

NO - maliganant

osteosarcoma

40
Q

*

which bone cancer is asociated with transloaction

A

ewings 11,22

41
Q

ewings sarcoma- boys

A

peds (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions