random

Question 1

some causes of macrocephaly

Answer 1

hydrocephalus
subdural hematoma
silver russel - relative becuase not actually hydrocephalus

neurofibromatosis
tuberous sclerosis
famial microcephaly

Question 2

what is it called when the sutures close prematurely

BENIGN PREMATURE thelarche

Answer 2

craniosynostosis

happens in babies from 6 months - 3 years its not a concern as long as other isgns of puberty are absent!!!
just need to rexamine them every 6 months to doubcle check
need to excluse exogneous intake of oestrogen

rarely you can do a pelvis us to rule out ovarian pathology

Question 3

describe craniosynotis

and how can we diagnose ?

Answer 3

where the sutures fuse too early in one or more areas, the normal areas allow the brain to grow but the fused side does not allow brain to grow so head is obviously mishapen

fontanelle may be missing
babies head looks visably odd
HC is not growing the way it should every month

Question 4

what could be other symptoms of macrocephaly

Answer 4

if its. a gentic condtion we can see the other aspects of the syndrome e.g skin changes in NF , ts

DEevelopmental delay

seixures

neurological signs

Question 5

when should people who are planning to get pregnant take folic acid

ssss

Answer 5

before conception to up to 1st trimester

exotoxin, causes bullas, babies risk dehyrdation and sepeis and loss of proteins!

Question 6

what is the dosage for a high risk pregnancy folic acid and what are the RF

Answer 6

5mg

• Previous child with neural tube defects
• diabetes
  -obesity
• any hemolytic anemia
  taking antifolate drugs

Question 7

dosage for average normal pregnancy folic acid

isolated premature pubarche

Answer 7

0.4 mg

pubic hair before 6/7 in girls and 9 in boys, its common and due to premature activation of DHEA from gland , may have slightly increased height and bone age

testorone levels should be normal

need to dx from adrenal tumour

Question 8

how can we detect neural tube defects

how to treat cerebeal edema

Answer 8

antenatally amniocentesis (increased AFP) levels NOT CVS !!!- NB

mannitol
ET tube
hyperventilation

Question 9

which part of the body does neural tube defects affect

Answer 9

THE BRAIN AND SPINE

Question 10

examples of NT defects and when is the greatest risk of it?

Answer 10

spina bifida

anencephaly

very early on in pregnancy

Question 11

types of spina bifida

difference between gonoccocal and chlamayida conjucnitvitis

Answer 11

1. SB occulata
2. meningocele
3. myomeningocele

gon: more pus , and leads to keratitis, more acute
chlam: pseudomambranes on tarsal conjunctivia

Question 12

how can spina bifida be diagnosed

Answer 12

antenatally

or after birth

Question 13

symptoms assoc

Question 14

inhertitance of TS

causes of steatorrhea

what is almost inevitable with cF

Answer 14

AD

cf, celiac, short bowel syndrome , deficiency in bile

sinusitis chronic

Question 15

WHAT IS TS and most common symptoms

Answer 15

genetic condition that causes benign tumouts to grow in the brain and other organs of the body

SEIZURES- almost all and they vary from

Question 16

types of hydrocephalus and what they mean

Answer 16

1. communicating - no blocakge in ventricles
2. non communicating - blocakge in ventricle s

Question 17

correction of hydrocephalus

the cause of rhinitis posterior and symptoms , tx

Answer 17

1. ventriculoperitoneal shunt
2. ventriculostomy - second line

staphy!!! and very little nasal discharge or absent,problems sleeping and feeding tx nasal drops (saline, tobramycin)

Question 18

value of HCT in newborn for polycthemia and causes

Answer 18

> 65%

diabests, late umbilical cord, twin to twin

Question 19

how can we prevent enteroclitis

Answer 19

breast feeding helps
delayed umbilical clamp

Question 20

hypertensive crisis def

hypertensive urgency

Answer 20

acute increase in systolic and diastolic BP WITH END ORGAN DAMAGAGE(stroke, hypetensive encepolopathy) seizures

an acute increase but no organ damage

Question 21

first line tx hypertension and crisis

Answer 21

ca 2 + blcokers

iv ca2+ and labetolol(both alpha and b) , hydralazine

Question 22

hypertenisve urgency tx

Answer 22

oral antihypertensives overy 1 to 2 days (not too fast) (damages the orgnas that are accsutomed to high flow)

Question 23

what can cause shsitocystes

Answer 23

ASS - the valve traps rbs
DIC (variable)
HUS+ TTP

Question 24

what can cause shsitocystes

Answer 24

ASS - the valve traps rbs
DIC (variable)
HUS+ TTP

Question 25

WHCIH MURMOUR IS cresencendo de crescndo

Answer 25

ASS

Question 25

WHCIH MURMOUR IS cresencendo de crescndo

examples of mucous mebranes infection

Answer 25

ASS

conucnitvits
monoliasis/soor
rhinitis posterior

Question 26

EVANS SYDNROME AND DX

Answer 26

presents with 2 or more cytopenias of bm
its an AIHA and. thrmbpcytopenia with or without neutropenia

its a warm type IG G

Question 27

IE CLASISFCATION
in geneal
risk factors

dx

Answer 27

dukes criteria

acute<6 weesk
subactute <3months

glomerulonephritis
fever, night sweats , immunological pheonmoneon, roth spots, vegetations on echo, abscesses , valvular regurgitation. CLUBBINHG

already probem with valves like previous RF
congenital heart problems
immunodeficiency
poor dentition
drug usuers
any indwelling device - hemoldialysis

fever and murmour is iE unitl proven otherwsie

diagnosis:
urine dip for glomerulus
blood culture
echo

dx cancer cos a lot of the red flags!

Question 28

perniniocus anemia labs

another name for candiada infection

Answer 28

hypersegmneted neutrophils
thrmobocytopenia

monoliasis /soor

Question 29

EM

Answer 29

a rash that is uslaly associated with adverse drug reaction but also infection most notably herpes simpelx virus and mycoplasma pneumonia

‘target rash’

Question 30

biggest worry for congenital lactase

how long to treat neonatla meningitis for

Answer 30

severe diarrhea!!! so shock and kindey failure

2-3 weeks!

Question 31

orgnaisms which infect skin and mucous membranes

Answer 31

staph
gonoorhea, chlamydia
candiadia

Question 32

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clinical features of kernicterus

acrodermatitis enterpathica

Answer 32

lecture slide on juandivce

congneital deficieny of zinc
triad of dermatitiis, alopecia, diarrhea

Question 33

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true apnea

Answer 33

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