Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

peds > nephrology > Flashcards

nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

HUS TRIAD what is usualy the history

A

THROMBcytopenia
haemolytic anaemia- microangipathic
kidney failure

diarrhea for a bout a week and then when its dissolves child is pale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

history of child with hUS

A

parents would say that child has been having diarrhoea (bloody or non bloody) before symptoms began or had contact with farm annals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

normal urine output

A

1-3ml/kg

<1 year = 2 - so if mcc says infant !
toddler =1.5
older children =1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1.

treatment of upper uti in babies

no symptoatic bacyteriua

A

cephalosporins or co-amoxi for 7-10 days

postive mb in urine but no symptoms common in girls who bed wed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Abs for post strep grammarian arthritis

A

nephritic syndrome and neutrophils
protein too
low c3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cells seen in HUS

tx for lower uti

A

schistocytes

nitrofurointin, cephalosportins for 3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can cause post strep a

A

skin infection or a throat infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Difference between IGA and toe streptococcus

A

Both wIll present with a similar history but POST STREP it’s more chronic weeks where is IG A is more acute

and also the antibodies
IG A - will have iG a depostis
pst strep - IG G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

WHAT I S TTUBULAR CASTSIN URINE INDICATIVE OF

A

TUBULAR NECROSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CLASSIC SIGN OF IG A

A

MACROSPCI HEMATURIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TARGET AUDIENCE FOR IG A

A

YOUNG MEN -2-3 DAYS AFTER A RESPI INFECTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TX HUS

A

DO NOT GIVE TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD OR PLATELTES will make it worse, we just treat symptomatically, either fluid restriction to not overwhelm or hydration, depends on the degree of damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tea and coke sign of

A

nephritic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ARF IN KIDS

A

less than 0.5/kg/hour, we can commonly see this in gastroenteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SODIUM LEVELS

A

in pre-renal it tends to be low (because kindeys are trying to hold on to as much water as possible) and in renal it tends to be high as the kidneys lose their ability to conserve and re-absorb sodium

RENAL >20
PRE- RENAL <10 or some say 20?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which conditions are associated with low c3

A

post strep and lupus!1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glomerular versus extra glomerular

A

glomerular : no clots, coke and tea, rbc casts, protein cast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

posterior urthral valves
whats important to remember

A 
associated with respiratory problems 
can lead to potters syndrome 
hypertrophic bladder
 bilateral hydronephrosis 
vesicle uretral reflux 
key hole sign on ultrasound

dont use a baloon catheter, catheritiesaton can be difficult and lead to bladder spasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

potter syndrome

whcih condtions are only found in boys

A

oligohydromious

Potter phenotype refers to a typical facial appearance that occurs in a newborn when there is no amniotic fluid.

typcically can die from respiratory issues
fetal compression : dysmorphic features suquashed face/limbs

posterior uretheral valve
urtheral atresia
urtheral hypoplasiia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

b2 microglobulin

A

use b2 microlgllbulin, its found on most nucleated cells and shed to be excreted. Small traces are found in blood and urine, because the tubules reabsorb the b2 was filtered so if there is a tubular problem then levels in urine increase and since the glomeruli are responsible for the filtering process, if they are not working then levels in blood increase. B2 is also a tumour marker for certain malignant silk eleukemia, mm,

21
Q

AKI CONSTELLATION

A

hyperkalemia
hypnatremia
hypocalcemi
hyperphosphatrema

22
Q

most serious complications of AKI

LUPUS labs

A

pulmonary edema
hyperkalemia
metabolic acidosis

low c3! ANA, (RF in 30%) anticardilipin antibodies

23
Q

hemorrhagic cystitis

bed wetting

A

adenovirus

more common in boys, upper age limit is 5, a lot will have a history of bed wetting
primary
secondary: used to be dry now nt so have to test for all the diabtees and do an palpation to check for large bladder

tx - restroct fluids before bed
waking child up to pee after a few hours
TCA- imiprimine

24
Q

frailly syndrome

A

dilated calyx
hydronephrosis
tumour
heamtauriai

25
Q

ectopic uretrs

A

hydronephrosis - no where for urine to go
dribbling - gilrs
VUR - especially boys
commonly associated with a fupelex kidney

26
Q

normal proteinuria

A

<30 per 24

27
Q

zicroalbuminemia

A

30 - 3000

28
Q

normal urinary creatinine ratio

A

<20 mg /mmol ( early morning)

29
Q

non pathological causes of proteinuria

A

orthostatic
febrile illness
exercise
UTI

30
Q

labs for nephrotic

A 
hemoconcentration 
hyperlipdemia >200mg 
protein creatinine ratio >200
low antibodies 
album <2.5 g
31
Q

why is there dyspnea in proteinuria patients

A

pleural effusions and abdominal distention

32
Q

if MCD is resistant what to use

when to consider biposy in PSGN

A

cyclosporin A

low c3 >3 month
urine findinngs >year

33
Q

congenital nephrotic syndrome

complications of PSGC

A

first 3 months of life, , AR, high mortality with severe proteinuria

Electrolyte abnormalties casued by hypekalemia, hypocalcemia and hyperphospahatmeica hypetenisve encepalopathy, seziures, HEART FAILURE

34
Q

tx of congenital nephrotic syndrome

A

unilateral nephrectomy followed by dialysis

35
Q

tx for hyperphospahtemia

A

calcium carbonate /phosophate binders

36
Q

triad of HSP

MOST common symptom of pSGN

A

abdo pain
purpura (Ccan be necrotic too so black)
arthritis

EDEMA!

37
Q

where is the rash found in HSP

whats the main pathophys of hSP

dx

A

extensor surfaces
but
legs

IGA DEPOSTIS

kawasaki disease- rash
juavenille arthritis- has a salmon pink rash and joint pain
always wanna rule out septic but obvs no rash
rF- gives joint pain and skin manifestations
ABDO PAIN- acute abdomen

38
Q

diagnosis of HSP and which joints usulaly affected

A

urine- hematuria/prtoeineria
history of recent URTI
skin biopsy of lesiosn
hypertension

knee and ankle

39
Q

what is the most common vasculitis in chilhood

A

HSP

40
Q

tx HSP

most common orgnaism in girls uti

A

pain relief and CS but only if there is systemic involvement

e.coli, kleb then proetus

41
Q

type of hematuria in HSP

A

microscopic

42
Q

types of hUS

most common uti organisims in boys

A

classic: history of food posioning assoc with bacteria like e.coli, slamonella, shigela

complement deficiency:

50% e.coli 50% proteus

43
Q

key differential for HUS and why?

A

TTP

  1. microangipathic hemolysis
  2. thrombocytopenia
44
Q

investigations in hus

A

urine- heamturia + non nephrotic protein

blood: shistocytes + reticulcytes + anemia + plt

GFR + BUN

signs of hemolysis : low haptoglobin! reticulocuytes

stool cuture: e.coli

45
Q

tx of non classic hus

A

eculizamab

46
Q

what are the condtions that have microangiopathic hemolysis

what is the pentad of TTP

A
  1. HUS
  2. TTP
  3. exact the same as HUS + fever+ nerological signs, headache, seizure
47
Q

ADAMST3 is for what

A

TTP IT WILL BE LOWW!

48
Q

subepithelial humps are seen in

A

POST STREP

peds (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions