cardio Flashcards
R- L shunts
TOGA
TEtrolgy of fallout
patent ductus arterioles what category does it fall under
left to right shunt
normal urine output
1-3 ml/kg /hour
which category suffer from frequent pneumonias due to overload
L- R shunting
normal CT ratio in a newborn
no more than 0.6
normal Ejection fraction
> 60%
congenital pathologies presenting in neonatal period
- TOGA
- COA
- Hypoplastic left heart
fixed split S2 sound indicated
almost always indicated atrial septal defect this is when there is delay in the pulmonic valve closing
most common contentital hear defect
vSD
DIAGNOSIS of vid gold standard
TEE
common causes of murmurers in kids
heart defect
febrile
anemia
what’s more worrying diastolic/sytolidc murmur
diastolic
murmur that propagates to back
PSM PDA COA
radiates to neck
aortic stenosis
radiates to axilla
MR
How to differentiate between respiratory and cardiac pathology
hyperoxia tesT
PDA murmour
continuous rough like machine
rf for pda
PREMIES
RUBELLA
downs
treatment pda
premies - indomethacin/ibuprofen to close it up
cardiac catheterisation + coil embolisation
surgery
what Happens if you do not treat a PDA
lung problems and eisenmengers
Common defect in downs
atrioventricular septal defect
at What level do we see cyanosis
cyanosis if <85%
most common cyanotic heart disease!
TOF
TOF
Pulmonary valve stenosis/ atresia (less blood going to lungs )- this is leading one its the first thing that develops in fetal life
Overriding aorta -
RV hypertrophy
VSD
boot shaped heart
TOF
the shunt in fetal life is
R- L
most common cyanotic disease is
TOF
EGG ON A STRING
TOGA
appearance of TOGA
from both or within the first few days
complications of tOF
brain clots
meningitis
causes of innocent murmurs
fever + anemia
what effect can arrhythmia have on HR
can cause tachy or brady
types of cardiomyopathies
- dilated - most common
- hypertonic
3 restrictive - prevents fillin
where is the most common location of coarctation of the aorta
after it has given off its beaches to the upper body
main difference between paediatric coarctation and adult and main symptoms
in children occurs before the ductus and in adults occurs after. symptom in children is colour discrepancy and mean children and adults is hypertension
is contraction cyanotic
acyanotic (lecture)
murmur of VSD
PANSYTOLIC AND LEFT STERNAL BORDER
gold standard VSD
TEE
findings VSD
LOUD P2
Why are people with congenital heart disease are increased risk of developing brain abscess
People with cyanotic congenital heart disease are at risk of developing brain abscess. Intracardiac right‐to‐left shunt bypass, by which blood is not filtered through pulmonary circulation where bacteria are intercepted by phagocytosis, may allow direct entry to cerebral circulation. In addition, decreased arterial oxygenation can result in compensatory polycythemia. Increased blood viscosity can cause a focal area of ischemia that serves as a nidus for infection.
complications of TOF
tet spells
meningits
cerebral sinus thrombosis
when are tet spells common
2-6 months
signs of Rheumaric fever and name of criteria
CARDITIS
s.c nodules
chorea- can come months later
artrritis
erythema marginatum
johnes
