Respiration And Exercise Flashcards
What does respiration involve?
Many reactions all of which are catalysed by enzymes
What is respiration?
The process of releasing energy from glucose which goes on in every cell
Why is respiration?
It releases the energy needed to survive
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration using oxygen
The most efficient way to release energy from glucose
(Produces double the energy than anaerobic respiration )
Where does most of the reactions in aerobic respiration take place?
Mitochondria
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide+ water + energy
What four main things does the energy released from respiration do?
To build up larger molecules from smaller ones (like proteins from amino acids)
To allow muscles to contract (in animals to allow movement)
In mammals and birds the energy is used to keep their body temperature constant
In plants to build sugar, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids and then into proteins
Explain why exercise increases the heart rate?
Muscles are made of muscle cells which use oxygen to release energy from glucose which is used to contract muscles
An increase in muscle activity requires more glucose and oxygen to be supplied to the muscle cells and extra co2 needs to me removed from muscle cells so blood must flow at a faster rate
Your breathing rate is increased and you breath deeper to meet oxygen demand and your heart rate increases to pump blood
What is glycogen used for?
Some glucose from food is stored as glycogen
Glycogen is mainly stored in the liver but each muscle has its own store
During vigorous exercise muscle use glucose rapidly so more of the stored glycogen is converted back into glucose to provide energy
When do you respire anaerobically?
During vigorous exercise and your body can’t supply enough oxygen to your muscles
What is anaerobic respiration?
‘Without oxygen’
The incomplete breakdown of glucose which produces lactic acid
Why is anaerobic respiration not the best way to convert glucose into energy?
Because lactic acid builds up in the muscles which can be painful
It also causes muscle fatigue which results in less efficient contraction
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose –> lactic acid + energy
What are two other down sides of anaerobic respiration?
It only releases half the energy of aerobic
What is a positive to anaerobic respiration?
It allows you to continue to use your muscles for longer
