Respiration

Question 1

Functions of Respiration

Answer 1

1. Exchange Gases
2. Moves air into and out of respiratory pathways
3. Protects respiratory system from dehydration
4. Produce sounds
5. Detects olfactory stimuli
6. Regulates blood pH

Question 2

4 Parts of respiration

Answer 2

1. Pulmonary ventilation
2. External Respiration
3. Internal Respiration
4. Transportation of Gases

Question 3

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 3

Inspiration & Expiration

Question 4

External Respiration

Answer 4

Gas Exchange in lungs

Question 5

Internal Respiration

Answer 5

Gas Exchange in Tissues

Question 6

Transportation of Gases

Answer 6

Movement of gases through circulatory system to tissues and back to the lungs

Question 7

Divisions of the Respiratory System

Answer 7

Upper + Lower Respiratory Tracts

Question 8

Boundries of the

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 8

External Nares to Larynx

Question 9

Boundries of the

Lower Respiratoy Tract

Answer 9

Larynx to Alveoli

Question 10

External Nares

Answer 10

Nostrils

Question 11

Nose

External Structure on face

Answer 11

Houses nostrils and anterior nasal cavity

Question 12

The Three Conchae

Answer 12

Superior, Middle, and Inferior

Question 13

4 Paranasal Sinuses

Answer 13

Maxillary, Frontal, Sphenoidal, and Ethmoidal sinus

Question 14

3 Regions of the

Pharynx

Answer 14

Nasopharnx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Question 15

Nasopharynx

Answer 15

• Superior to soft palate
• Extends to tip of uvula
• contains opening of eustachian tube
• contains pharyngeal tonsils

Question 16

Oropharynx

Answer 16

• Extends from tip of uvula to epiglottis
• contains palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

Question 17

Laryngopharynx

Answer 17

• Extends from tip of epiglottis to larynx

Question 18

9 cartilages of the Larynx

Answer 18

Thyroid Cartilage, Cricoid Cartilage, Epiglottis, Cuneiform, Arytenoid, and Corniculate

Question 19

Thyroid Cartilage

Answer 19

Anterior shield-like plate (Adam’s Apple)

Question 20

Cricoid Cartilage

Answer 20

Inferior Plate to thyroid cartilage

Question 21

Epiglottis

Answer 21

Flap of cartilage that closes when you swallow to prevent aspiration

Question 22

3 Unpaired Cartilages

Answer 22

Thyroid Cartilage, Cricoid Cartilage, and the Epiglottis

Question 23

Three paired catilages

Answer 23

Cuneiform, Arytenoid, and the corniculates

Question 24

Cuneiform

Answer 24

Sticks of cartilage in front of the arytenoid

Question 25

Arytenoid

Answer 25

Behind Thyroid Cartilage Attached with ligaments

Question 26

Corniculate

Answer 26

"Candy Corn" piece ont top of arytenoid

Question 27

Vestibular Folds

Answer 27

* Superior * Shuts to hold breath * Prevents matter from entering the glottis

Question 28

Vocal Folds

Answer 28

* Inferior * Produce Sound * Pitch = Tension * Volume is dependent on airflow | Higher Pitch = Higher Tension

Question 29

Glottis

Answer 29

Opening Between the Folds

Question 30

Trachea | Is lined with

Answer 30

* Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium * 16-20 C Shaped Cartilages (Keeps Airway Open)

Question 31

Heirarchy of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 31

Primary Bronchus→Secondary Bronchus→Tertiary Bronchus→Bronchioles→Terminal Bronchioles→Respiratory Bronchioles→Alveolar Duct→Alveoli

Question 32

Pathway of Air

Answer 32

External Nares→Nasal Cavity→Internal Nares→Nasopharynx→Oropharynx→Laryngopharynx→Larynx→Trachea→Primary Bronchioles→Secondary Bronchus→Tertiary Bronchus→Bronchioles→Terminal Bronchioles→Respiratory Bronchioles→Alveolar Duct→Alveoli Sacs→Capillary Beds of Lungs

Question 32

Air

Answer 32

Travels from High to low pressure areas

Question 32

Increase in the size of Thoracic Cage

Answer 32

Pressure Drops Air Rushes In

Question 33

Compressing the Thoracic Cage

Answer 33

Pressure Increases Air rushes out

Question 34

Tidal Volume

Answer 34

Amount of air inspired/expired during normal/quiet breathing

Question 35

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Answer 35

Amount of air that can be forcibly inspired after normal insipiration ## Footnote Males - 3200 ml Females - 1900 ml

Question 36

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 36

Amount of air that can be focibly expired after normal expiration ## Footnote Typically 1100 ml

Question 37

Vital Capacity (VC)

Answer 37

Amount of Usable Lung volume TV+IRV+ERV=VC ## Footnote Males - 4800 Females - 3400

Question 38

Residual Volume (RV)

Answer 38

Amount of air always in the lungs ## Footnote Males - 1200 ml Females - 1100 ml

Question 39

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Answer 39

Total volume of lungs IRV+ERV+TV+RV=TLC VC + RV = TLC ## Footnote Males - 6000 ml Females - 4500 ml

Question 40

Forced Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 40

Measure of how much air you can push out in one second

Question 41

Primary Stimulus to take a breath

Answer 41

CO2 levels

Question 42

How does CO2 affect blood pH

Answer 42

Increased CO2 - Decreased pH - Respiratory Acidosis Decreased CO2 - Increased pH - Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 43

Two Factors that prevent your lung from collapsing

Answer 43

Surfacant and Elastic Fibers