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Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Respiration

A
  1. Exchange Gases
  2. Moves air into and out of respiratory pathways
  3. Protects respiratory system from dehydration
  4. Produce sounds
  5. Detects olfactory stimuli
  6. Regulates blood pH
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2
Q

4 Parts of respiration

A
  1. Pulmonary ventilation
  2. External Respiration
  3. Internal Respiration
  4. Transportation of Gases
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3
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

Inspiration & Expiration

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4
Q

External Respiration

A

Gas Exchange in lungs

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5
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Gas Exchange in Tissues

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6
Q

Transportation of Gases

A

Movement of gases through circulatory system to tissues and back to the lungs

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7
Q

Divisions of the Respiratory System

A

Upper + Lower Respiratory Tracts

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8
Q

Boundries of the

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

External Nares to Larynx

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9
Q

Boundries of the

Lower Respiratoy Tract

A

Larynx to Alveoli

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10
Q

External Nares

A

Nostrils

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11
Q

Nose

External Structure on face

A

Houses nostrils and anterior nasal cavity

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12
Q

The Three Conchae

A

Superior, Middle, and Inferior

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13
Q

4 Paranasal Sinuses

A

Maxillary, Frontal, Sphenoidal, and Ethmoidal sinus

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14
Q

3 Regions of the

Pharynx

A

Nasopharnx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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15
Q

Nasopharynx

A
  • Superior to soft palate
  • Extends to tip of uvula
  • contains opening of eustachian tube
  • contains pharyngeal tonsils
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16
Q

Oropharynx

A
  • Extends from tip of uvula to epiglottis
  • contains palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils
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17
Q

Laryngopharynx

A
  • Extends from tip of epiglottis to larynx
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18
Q

9 cartilages of the Larynx

A

Thyroid Cartilage, Cricoid Cartilage, Epiglottis, Cuneiform, Arytenoid, and Corniculate

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19
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

Anterior shield-like plate (Adam’s Apple)

20
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

Inferior Plate to thyroid cartilage

21
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap of cartilage that closes when you swallow to prevent aspiration

22
Q

3 Unpaired Cartilages

A

Thyroid Cartilage, Cricoid Cartilage, and the Epiglottis

23
Q

Three paired catilages

A

Cuneiform, Arytenoid, and the corniculates

24
Q

Cuneiform

A

Sticks of cartilage in front of the arytenoid

25
Q

Arytenoid

A

Behind Thyroid Cartilage
Attached with ligaments

26
Q

Corniculate

A

“Candy Corn” piece ont top of arytenoid

27
Q

Vestibular Folds

A
  • Superior
  • Shuts to hold breath
  • Prevents matter from entering the glottis
28
Q

Vocal Folds

A
  • Inferior
  • Produce Sound
  • Pitch = Tension
  • Volume is dependent on airflow

Higher Pitch = Higher Tension

29
Q

Glottis

A

Opening Between the Folds

30
Q

Trachea

Is lined with

A
  • Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
  • 16-20 C Shaped Cartilages (Keeps Airway Open)
31
Q

Heirarchy of the Lower Respiratory Tract

A

Primary Bronchus→Secondary Bronchus→Tertiary Bronchus→Bronchioles→Terminal Bronchioles→Respiratory Bronchioles→Alveolar Duct→Alveoli

32
Q

Pathway of Air

A

External Nares→Nasal Cavity→Internal Nares→Nasopharynx→Oropharynx→Laryngopharynx→Larynx→Trachea→Primary Bronchioles→Secondary Bronchus→Tertiary Bronchus→Bronchioles→Terminal Bronchioles→Respiratory Bronchioles→Alveolar Duct→Alveoli Sacs→Capillary Beds of Lungs

32
Q

Air

A

Travels from High to low pressure areas

32
Q

Increase in the size of Thoracic Cage

A

Pressure Drops
Air Rushes In

33
Q

Compressing the Thoracic Cage

A

Pressure Increases
Air rushes out

34
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Amount of air inspired/expired during normal/quiet breathing

35
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

A

Amount of air that can be forcibly inspired after normal insipiration

Males - 3200 ml
Females - 1900 ml

36
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

A

Amount of air that can be focibly expired after normal expiration

Typically 1100 ml

37
Q

Vital Capacity (VC)

A

Amount of Usable Lung volume
TV+IRV+ERV=VC

Males - 4800
Females - 3400

38
Q

Residual Volume (RV)

A

Amount of air always in the lungs

Males - 1200 ml
Females - 1100 ml

39
Q

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

A

Total volume of lungs
IRV+ERV+TV+RV=TLC
VC + RV = TLC

Males - 6000 ml
Females - 4500 ml

40
Q

Forced Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

Measure of how much air you can push out in one second

41
Q

Primary Stimulus to take a breath

A

CO2 levels

42
Q

How does CO2 affect blood pH

A

Increased CO2 - Decreased pH - Respiratory Acidosis
Decreased CO2 - Increased pH - Respiratory Alkalosis

43
Q

Two Factors that prevent your lung from collapsing

A

Surfacant and Elastic Fibers

Anat & Phys (14 decks)

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