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Anat & Phys > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the Epidermis

Corny Lucy’s Grandma Sips Beer
CLGSB

A

Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale

Superficial to deep

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2
Q

Karatinization

A

Cells flatten and fill with keratin (Protein)
Move from stratum basale to stratum corneum
40-56 day process
Continual renewal of skin

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3
Q

Gland Types

A

Eccrine
Apocrine
Sebaceous

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4
Q

Eccrine Glands

A

Located everywhere - primarily on palms and soles of feet
Secrete mostly water and some salts

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5
Q

Apocrine Glands

A

Associated with hair follicles in arm pits and groin
Secretes thick organic material - mostly odorless
Wuickly broken down by bacteria = B.O.

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6
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Connected to hair follicles all over body
Produce sebum - oily, white substance containing lots of lipids
Prevents drying of skin and repels some bacteria

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7
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells located in stratum basale
Transfer melanin to sorround epithelial cells
Everyone has about the same number of melanocytes

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8
Q

Pigmentation of the Skin

Specific Areas

A

Increased Melanin
Freckles, moles, nipple, areolae
Decreased Melanin
Lips, palms, soles
No Melanin
Albinism

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9
Q

Bood Flow

How it affects pigmentation

A

Increase - Red
Decrease - pale
Low blood oxygen - cyanosis (Blue)

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10
Q

3 Layers of Hair

A

Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla

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11
Q

Follicle Wall of Hair

A

Made of connective (superficial) and epithelial (deep) tissues

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12
Q

Hair Growth

A

Occurs in the bulb (at base of hair)
Occurs in cycles
Eyelash = 30 days - 105 days
Scalp hair = 3 years - 1-2 years

Buld always rests on dermal papillae

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13
Q

Parts of the Nail

A

Nail Body, Free Edge, Nail Root, Eponychium, Nail Matrix, and Lunula

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14
Q

Nail Body

A

Visible Nail

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15
Q

Free Edge

A

Distal edge of the nail

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16
Q

Nail Root

A

Portion of nail not visible

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17
Q

Eponychium

A

The cuticle. Skin at base of nail. Stratum Corneum.

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18
Q

Nail Matrix

A

Bed of dividing cells deep to nail root

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19
Q

Lunula

A

White cresecent at base of nail body. Visible nail matrix

20
Q

Vitamin D poroduction

A

Exposure to UV light forms Vitamin D precursour moecule
Travels to liver and is modified
Then travels to kidney to become active Vitamin D
Active Vitamin D stimulates uptake of Calcium and phosphate in intestines

Often needs to be supplemented by diet

21
Q

How does your body regulate Temperature

A

Vasoconstriction, Goodebumps, Vasodialation, Sweat

22
Q

Jaundice

A

Skin Apepars yellow
Easily seen in eyes
Indication of liver problems
Results from build up of bile pigments that liver usually disposes of

23
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscles

A

Located in superficial dermis
Detect light touch

24
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A

Located in deep dermis
Detect Deep Pressure

25
Q

Types of Burns

A

First Degree
Second Degree
Third Degree

Possible Fourth Degree

26
Q

Partial Thickness burns

A

First and Second Degree

27
Q

Full Thickness Burns

A

Third and Fourth Degree Burn

28
Q

First Degree Burn

A

Damage only to EPIDERMIS
Red, Painful, sometimes itchy
May cause headache or low fever
Heals in days to a week
No blistering or scarring

29
Q

First Degree Burns

Causes

A

Exposure to sun
Brief exposure to moist or dry heat or chemicals
Friction (Rug or Rope Burns)
Common Causes
1. Beverages or water >120 degrees F
2. Hot grease/oil
3. Cigarettes

30
Q

First Degree Burns

Treatment

A

Place under cool running water (5-10 minutes)
Moist Towel or cloth is good
Aloe based gels and creams are okay
Common pain relievers may help
NO ice
NO butters or oils (will actually trap heat)
NO adhesive bandages (Must get air)

31
Q

Second Degree Burns

A

Damages EPIDERMIS and some DERMIS
Very painful, quite red, and blisters
May look moist from fluid loss
May lead to shock
Wide variety of second degree burns
Heals in 10 days - 2 months

32
Q

Second Degree Burns

Causes

A

Sunburn
Open Flames
Hot liquids
Chemicals

33
Q

Second Degree Burns

Treatment

A

Same Rules as first degree burns
Higher risk of infection from broken blisters
Don’t break blisters
Elevate swollen areas
May require Medical attention

34
Q

Third Degree Burns

A

Destroys EPIDERMIS and DERMIS
Black or white in color
No Pain - Nerves have been destroyed
Sorrounded by 2nd and 1st degree burns
Infection is a maojr concern
May never completely heal
Usually leaves scarring

35
Q

Third Degree Burns

Causes

A

Corrosive Chemicals
Flames
Electricity
Extremely hot objects
Clothing cathcing fire

36
Q

Third Degree Burns

Treatment

A

Require Medical Attention
Remove clothing, but not if stuck to burn
Again use cool water and elevation
Anitbiotics
Replace loss of fluids - IV
Skin Grafts

37
Q

Fourth Degree Burns

A.K.A. Severe Third Degree Burn

A

Same as third degree
Plus the muscle and bone below the skin are damage or destroyed
Very Critical Situation
Often Fatal

38
Q

Body Surface Area

A

Used to Determine Severity of a burn
Assesses the likelehood of recovery in sever cases
Expressed as percent of body burned

Arms - 9% each
Legs - 18% each
Groin - 1%
Torso - 18% each side
Head - 9%

39
Q

Types of Skin Cancer

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Malignant Melanoma

40
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Begins with cells in stratum basale
Spread to dermis and creates an ulcer
Most frequent type of skin cancer
Very unlikely to spread
Can be treated with radiation therapy or surgical removal

41
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Warning Signs

A

An Open sore that does not heal
A reddish patch or irritated area
A shiny bump or nodule
A small pink growht
A scar-like area

42
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Begins in stratum spinosum
Cells continue to divide
Results in nodular tumor
Can spread into dermis
May be fatal

43
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Signs

A

Most often on areas exposed to UV radiation
Can develop in scars, skin sores, and other areas of skin injury
Can appear as thick, rough, scaly patches that may crust or bleed.
Sometimes SCCs show up as growhts that are raised at the edges with a lower area in teh cetnre that may bleed or itch

44
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

Begins with melanocytes
often from a mole
Watch for changing shape or growht
Spreads very quickly
often fatal

45
Q

Malignant Melanoma

ABCDEs

A

A is for Asymmetry
* Most are Asymmetrical
B is for Border
* Melanoma borders tend to be uneven and may have scalloped or notched edges
C is for Color
* Multiple colors is a warning sign
D is for Diameter or Dark
* Warning Sign if size of pencil eraser
E is for Evolving
* Any change in size, shape, color or elevation of a spot on your skin may be a warning sign of MM

Anat & Phys (14 decks)

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