Integumentary System Flashcards
Layers of the Epidermis
Corny Lucy’s Grandma Sips Beer
CLGSB
Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale
Superficial to deep
Karatinization
Cells flatten and fill with keratin (Protein)
Move from stratum basale to stratum corneum
40-56 day process
Continual renewal of skin
Gland Types
Eccrine
Apocrine
Sebaceous
Eccrine Glands
Located everywhere - primarily on palms and soles of feet
Secrete mostly water and some salts
Apocrine Glands
Associated with hair follicles in arm pits and groin
Secretes thick organic material - mostly odorless
Wuickly broken down by bacteria = B.O.
Sebaceous Glands
Connected to hair follicles all over body
Produce sebum - oily, white substance containing lots of lipids
Prevents drying of skin and repels some bacteria
Melanocytes
Cells located in stratum basale
Transfer melanin to sorround epithelial cells
Everyone has about the same number of melanocytes
Pigmentation of the Skin
Specific Areas
Increased Melanin
Freckles, moles, nipple, areolae
Decreased Melanin
Lips, palms, soles
No Melanin
Albinism
Bood Flow
How it affects pigmentation
Increase - Red
Decrease - pale
Low blood oxygen - cyanosis (Blue)
3 Layers of Hair
Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla
Follicle Wall of Hair
Made of connective (superficial) and epithelial (deep) tissues
Hair Growth
Occurs in the bulb (at base of hair)
Occurs in cycles
Eyelash = 30 days - 105 days
Scalp hair = 3 years - 1-2 years
Buld always rests on dermal papillae
Parts of the Nail
Nail Body, Free Edge, Nail Root, Eponychium, Nail Matrix, and Lunula
Nail Body
Visible Nail
Free Edge
Distal edge of the nail
Nail Root
Portion of nail not visible
Eponychium
The cuticle. Skin at base of nail. Stratum Corneum.
Nail Matrix
Bed of dividing cells deep to nail root
Lunula
White cresecent at base of nail body. Visible nail matrix
Vitamin D poroduction
Exposure to UV light forms Vitamin D precursour moecule
Travels to liver and is modified
Then travels to kidney to become active Vitamin D
Active Vitamin D stimulates uptake of Calcium and phosphate in intestines
Often needs to be supplemented by diet
How does your body regulate Temperature
Vasoconstriction, Goodebumps, Vasodialation, Sweat
Jaundice
Skin Apepars yellow
Easily seen in eyes
Indication of liver problems
Results from build up of bile pigments that liver usually disposes of
Meissner’s Corpuscles
Located in superficial dermis
Detect light touch
Pacinian Corpuscles
Located in deep dermis
Detect Deep Pressure
Types of Burns
First Degree
Second Degree
Third Degree
Possible Fourth Degree
Partial Thickness burns
First and Second Degree
Full Thickness Burns
Third and Fourth Degree Burn
First Degree Burn
Damage only to EPIDERMIS
Red, Painful, sometimes itchy
May cause headache or low fever
Heals in days to a week
No blistering or scarring
First Degree Burns
Causes
Exposure to sun
Brief exposure to moist or dry heat or chemicals
Friction (Rug or Rope Burns)
Common Causes
1. Beverages or water >120 degrees F
2. Hot grease/oil
3. Cigarettes
First Degree Burns
Treatment
Place under cool running water (5-10 minutes)
Moist Towel or cloth is good
Aloe based gels and creams are okay
Common pain relievers may help
NO ice
NO butters or oils (will actually trap heat)
NO adhesive bandages (Must get air)
Second Degree Burns
Damages EPIDERMIS and some DERMIS
Very painful, quite red, and blisters
May look moist from fluid loss
May lead to shock
Wide variety of second degree burns
Heals in 10 days - 2 months
Second Degree Burns
Causes
Sunburn
Open Flames
Hot liquids
Chemicals
Second Degree Burns
Treatment
Same Rules as first degree burns
Higher risk of infection from broken blisters
Don’t break blisters
Elevate swollen areas
May require Medical attention
Third Degree Burns
Destroys EPIDERMIS and DERMIS
Black or white in color
No Pain - Nerves have been destroyed
Sorrounded by 2nd and 1st degree burns
Infection is a maojr concern
May never completely heal
Usually leaves scarring
Third Degree Burns
Causes
Corrosive Chemicals
Flames
Electricity
Extremely hot objects
Clothing cathcing fire
Third Degree Burns
Treatment
Require Medical Attention
Remove clothing, but not if stuck to burn
Again use cool water and elevation
Anitbiotics
Replace loss of fluids - IV
Skin Grafts
Fourth Degree Burns
A.K.A. Severe Third Degree Burn
Same as third degree
Plus the muscle and bone below the skin are damage or destroyed
Very Critical Situation
Often Fatal
Body Surface Area
Used to Determine Severity of a burn
Assesses the likelehood of recovery in sever cases
Expressed as percent of body burned
Arms - 9% each
Legs - 18% each
Groin - 1%
Torso - 18% each side
Head - 9%
Types of Skin Cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Malignant Melanoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Begins with cells in stratum basale
Spread to dermis and creates an ulcer
Most frequent type of skin cancer
Very unlikely to spread
Can be treated with radiation therapy or surgical removal
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Warning Signs
An Open sore that does not heal
A reddish patch or irritated area
A shiny bump or nodule
A small pink growht
A scar-like area
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Begins in stratum spinosum
Cells continue to divide
Results in nodular tumor
Can spread into dermis
May be fatal
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Signs
Most often on areas exposed to UV radiation
Can develop in scars, skin sores, and other areas of skin injury
Can appear as thick, rough, scaly patches that may crust or bleed.
Sometimes SCCs show up as growhts that are raised at the edges with a lower area in teh cetnre that may bleed or itch
Malignant Melanoma
Begins with melanocytes
often from a mole
Watch for changing shape or growht
Spreads very quickly
often fatal
Malignant Melanoma
ABCDEs
A is for Asymmetry
* Most are Asymmetrical
B is for Border
* Melanoma borders tend to be uneven and may have scalloped or notched edges
C is for Color
* Multiple colors is a warning sign
D is for Diameter or Dark
* Warning Sign if size of pencil eraser
E is for Evolving
* Any change in size, shape, color or elevation of a spot on your skin may be a warning sign of MM
