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Anat & Phys > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

4 Parts of the Brianstem

A

Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
Reticular Formation

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2
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Most Inferior Aspect
Continous with Spinal Cord
Pyramids (Anterior)
Responsible for
* Regulating Heart Rate
* Vasoconstriction/dialation
* Breathing
* Swallowing
* Vomiting
* Coughing
* Sneezing
* Balance and Coordination

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3
Q

Pons

A

Means Bridge
Anterior surface resembles a bridge
Bridge between cerebrum and cerebellum
Regulates breathing, swallowing, and balance continuous from medulla oblongata
Also Controls chewing and Salivation

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4
Q

Midbrain

A

Contains Neural tracts to and from cerebrum and spinal cord
Corpora Quadrigemina
Superior Colliculi
Visual Relay Station
Inferior Colliculi
Auditory Relay station

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5
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Collection of Nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem
Responsible for conciousness and sleep wake cycle
Suppressed by generl anesthetics
Damage = Coma

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6
Q

Dienchepelon

A

Between Cerebrum and Brainstem
Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus

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7
Q

Thalamus

A

Shaped Like a yo-yo
Two lobes connected by the intermediate mass
Sensory relay from spinal cord to cerebrum
Responsible for generalized pain

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8
Q

Epithalamus

A

Superior and posterior to thalamus
Contains Pineal body
* Endocrine Gland
* Integral in puberty onset
* Controls circadia rythyms with melatonin
* Name means “pinecone-shaped”

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9
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Real Master Gland of the endocrine system
    Therefore maintains homeostasis
    Attached to pituitary by infundibulum
  • Controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst
  • Pleasurable feelings and emotional responses
  • Mamillary bodies are visible posterior
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10
Q

Nervous System Hierarchy

A

DRAW IT BITCH

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11
Q

12 Cranial Nerves

Name and Function

A

I - Olfactory - Smell
II - Optic - Sight
III - Oculomotor - 4 of 6 extrinsic eye muscles and pupil
IV - Trochlear - 1 of 6 eye muslce (Superior Oblique)
V - Trigeminal - Sensory to Face
VI - Abducens - 1 of 6 eye muscles (Lateral Rectus)
VII - Facial - Motor to facial muscles; taste, anterior 2/3 of tounge
VIII - Auditory (Vestibulocochlear) - Hearing and Balance
IX - Glossopharangyeal - motor and sensory to head and neck; taste posterior 1/3 of tounge
X - Vagus - Sensory to thorax and abdomen
XI - Accessory - Motr to pharynx, larynx, trapexius, and sternocleidomastoid
XII - Hypoglossal - Motor to tounge

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12
Q

White Matter

A

Myelinated Axons + Axonal Tracks

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13
Q

Gray Matter

A

Non-Myelinated Axons, Cell bodies, and naked neurons

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14
Q

Myelination

A

The insulated covering of an axon with schwann cells or Oligodendrocytes

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15
Q

The Meninges

A

Dura Mater (Tough Mother)
-Thicker, Strong connective tissue
-Sub-dural space (Filled with CSF)
Arachnoid Layer - Wispy, spiderweb like
-Sub-Arachnoid Layer (Filled with CSF)
Pia Mater (Affectionate Mother)
-Thin, Connective tissue layer touching brain

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16
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

Made by the choroid plexus in all four ventricles (Ependymal Cells) of the brain

17
Q

Pathway of CSF

A

Lateral Ventricle → Interventricular Septum → 3rd ventricle → Cerebral Aqueduct → 4th Ventricle → Central Canal → Subdural Space → Subarachnoid Space → Arachnoid granulations → Blood Supply

18
Q

Reflex Arc

A

DRAW

19
Q

5 Types Of Neouroglia

A

Schwann Cells
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal Cells
Microglia
Astrocytes

20
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Insulative covering of axons in the PNS (Many cells per axon)

21
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Insulative covering of axons in the CNS (Many Axons per Cell)

22
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

Compose the choroid plexus
Produce CSF

23
Q

Microglia

A

Nourish neurons, remove waste, worn out cells, and debris

24
Q

Astrocytes

A

Form the blood brain barrier

25
Q

Initiation of an action potential

A

Draw the Graph

26
Q

Membrane Potential

A

The electrochemical gradient that exists across a membrane

27
Q

Resting membrane Potential

A

The electrochemical gradient that exists across the membrane of a neuron at rest (~72mV)

28
Q

Threshold

A

The value of membrane potential that must be achieved to get the all-or-nothing response

29
Q

Depolarization

A

When threshold is reached, voltage gated Na+ channels open and sodium ions rush into the cell flipping the membrane potential

30
Q

Repolarization

A

Voltage gated K+ channels open at ~+50mV and pottasium ions rush out of cell due to electrochemical gradient, flipping membrane potential back

31
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

K+ channels are slow to close and membran potential dips to ~95mV

32
Q

Return to normal Chemical Gradients

A

Na+/K+ pumps actively move 3 Na+ out per 2 K+ in to reestablish RMP

33
Q

3 Ways to stimulate a Neuron

A

Physically - Poke It
Chemically - Neurotransmitters
Electrically - Electric probe to depolarize

34
Q

Saltatory Condution

A

Signal is boosted at nodes of ranvier, much faster and Effiecient

35
Q

4 Types of Neurons

And their parts

A

DRAW

Anat & Phys (14 decks)

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