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Anat & Phys > Digestive and Urinary Systems > Flashcards

Digestive and Urinary Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the Tube

A
  • Serosa
  • Muscularis Externa
  • Submucosa
  • Mucosa
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2
Q

What is it Made of?

Serosa

A

Loose Connective Tissue (Superficial)

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3
Q

What is it Made of?

Muscularis Externa

A

2 Layers of smooth muscle (Longitudal and Circular)

Stomach has 3

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4
Q

What is it Made of?

Submucosa

A

Loose connective; contains blood, lymph, and nerves

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5
Q

What is it Made of?

Mucosa

A

Mostly Simple Columnar Epithelium

Secretes enzymes, mucus, and hormones
Absorbs Nutrients

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6
Q

Oral Cavity

A

From mouth to end of the soft palate

Mouth - The opening

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7
Q

Oropharynx

A

Uvula to tip of epiglottis

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8
Q

Esophagus

A

25 cm Long

Movement is by peristalsis

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9
Q

Peristalsis

A

Coordinated, sequential muscle contractions that move substances through a tube

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10
Q

2 types of digestion in the stomach

A

Mechanical and Chemical

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11
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

Physically smashing the food into smaller bits

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12
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Chemical Breakdown of food

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13
Q

3 Muscle layers of the stomach

A

Longitudinal, circular, and oblique

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14
Q

How does the stomach help with

Essential Life Function

A

Produces Intrinsic Factor

Needed for B12 absorbtion and Hematopoiesis

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15
Q

Rugae

A

Folds lining the inside of the stomach
Comprised of mucosa and submucosa layers
Allows for expansion and increased surface area

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16
Q

2 Waves of the stomach

A

Mixing and Peristaltic Waves

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17
Q

Mixing Waves

A

Begins contraction in middle of body and extends toward both opening with sphincters closed

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18
Q

Peristaltic Waves

A

Begin at cardiac sphincter and continue toward pyloric sphincter to push food out

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19
Q

Digestive Tract vs. G.I. Tract (Gastrointestinal Tract)

A

The digestive tract begins at the mouth and ends at the anus.
The G.I. Tract begins at the stomach and ends at the anus

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20
Q

Small intestine

A

Primarily Absorbs Nutrients
Total length is about 6 meters

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21
Q

Three secitons of the small intestine

A

Duodenum - 25 cm
Jejunum - 2.5 m
Ileum - 3.5 m

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22
Q

Ileocecal Junction/Valve

A

Where the small intestine meets the large intestine

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23
Q

Large Intestine

A

Primary function is absorbtion of H2O
Total length is about 1.8 Meters

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24
Q

6 Parts of the large intestine

A

Cecum
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum

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25
3 Salivary Glands
Parotid Gland (Largest) Submandibular Gland Sublingual Gland (Smallest)
26
Parotid Glands
Largest of the Three Anterior to the ear
27
Submandibular Gland
Ducts open on either side of the frenulum
28
Sublingual Glands
10-12 Small openings on the floor of oral cavity
29
4 types of teeth
Incisors Canines Premolars Molars
30
Dental Formula
I.C.P.M 2.1.2.3 ------- = ------- I.C.P.M. 2.1.2.3
31
Parts of a tooth | Superior to Inferior
Crown - Above Gum Line Neck - At gum line Root - below gum line
32
Parts of tooth | Superficial to Deep
Enamel - hard outer covering Dentin - bone-like layer under enamel Pulp Cavity - houses nerves and blood vessels
33
8 Enzymes of Digestion
1. Salivary Amylase 2. Pancreatic Amylase 3. Intestinal Amylase 4. Trypsin 5. Pepsin 6. Brush Border Enzymes 7. Lipase 8. Bile
34
# Orgion, action site, and action Salivary Amylase
Origin - Salivary Glands Action Site - Oral Cavity/Esophagus Action - Breaks Down Starch
35
# Orgion, action site, and action Pancreatic Amylase
Origin - Pancreas Action Site - Duodenum Action - Breaks Down Starch
36
# Orgion, action site, and action Intestinal Amylase
Origin - Small Intestine Action Site - Small Intestine Action - Breaks Down Starch
37
# Orgion, action site, and action Trypsin
Origin - Pancreas Action Site - Duodenum Action - Breaks Down Protein
38
# Orgion, action site, and action Pepsin
Origin - Stomach Action Site - Stomach Action - Breaks Down proteins
39
# Orgion, action site, and action Brush Border Enzymes
Origin - Small intestines Action Site - Small intestines Action - Breaks down proteins
40
# Orgion, action site, and action Lipase
Origin - Pancreas Action Site - Duodenum Action - Emulsify Fat
41
# Orgion, action site, and action Bile
Origin - Liver (Gall Bladder) Action Site - Duodenum Action - Emulsify Fat
42
Pathway of Food
Mouth → Oral Cavity → Oropharynx → Esophagus → Cardiac Sphincter → Body of stomach → Pyloric Sphincter → Pyloris → Duodenum → Jejunum → Ileum → Ileocecal Junction → Cecum → Ascending Colon → Transverse Colon → Descending Colon → Sigmoid Colon → Rectum → Internal Anal Sphincter → Anal Canal → External Anal Sphincter → Anus → Out
43
Duct System to the Duodenum
DRAW IT BITCH
44
Function of the Urinary System
Filtration -Occurs in Bowman's Capsule Secretion - Occurs Primarily in DCT Reabsorbtion - Occurs Primarily in PCT ## Footnote Urine Produciton is simply a byproduct of these three functions
45
Gross Anatomy of the Urinary System
2 Kidneys 2 Ureters 1 Bladder 1 Urethra
46
# What is the Functional Unit of the Kidney
The Nephron ## Footnote Roughly 1.24 Million per Kidney
47
Glomerulus
Capilary Bed within the capsule
48
Bowmans Capsule
**Site of Filtration** All but blood and protein are forced into capsule Need 55-60 mmHg to be funcitonal
49
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
**Primary Site of Reabsorbtion** Mostly Passive Transport 65% of original filtrate is reabsorbed here
50
Loop of Henle
**Dips Into Renal Medulla** 15% of original filtrate is reabsorbed here passive transport - Ca2+, Mg2+ Active Transport - Na+, Cl-, K+
51
Distal Convoluted Tubule
**Primary Site of Secretion** 19% of original filtrate is reabsorbed here Reabsorbtion of Na+, Ca2+, Cl- (Active transport) ADH and Aldosterone act here
52
Collecting Ducts
multiple Nephrons empty into collecting ducts 1% of original filtrate arrives here 1st called urine at this point Empties into Calyces
53
Pathway of Urea
Afferent Arteriole → Glomerulus → Bowmans Capsule → PCT → Loop of Henle → DCT → collecting duct → Renal Calyx → Renal Pelvis → Ureter → Bladder → internal urinary sphincter → urethra → external urinary sphincter → urethra → out
54
Micturation
The urge to void (Urinate) First occurs at about 300ml Bladder can hold an average of about 900ml
55
Micturation Reflex
Parasympathetic reflex Stretch receptor in bladder wall Sends signal to brain Involuntarily opens the internal urinary sphincter Voluntary control of the external urinary sphincter
56
Different Sets of teeth
Deciduous Teeth - 20 Permanent Teeth - 32
57
Functions of Saliva
Help Lubricate the mouth and contents inside of it contain dissolving chemicals that can stimulate the taste buds to provide sensory information Initiate the digestion of complex carbohydrates
58
Ureters
Pair of Muscular tubes conducting urine the the urinary bladder
59
Urinary Bladder
Hollow muscular organ used for the temporary storage of urine
60
Urethra
Tube that extends to the exterior of the body to void urine
61
How are pH levels in the blood controlled by the kidneys
If pH declines carrier proteins pumps hydrogen into the fluid, and reabsorb bicarbonate ions If pH increases the system secretes bicarbonate and reabsorbs hydrogen ions

Anat & Phys (14 decks)

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