General and Special Senses

Question 1

Special Senses

Answer 1

Located in one specific area only.
(Sight, taste, hearing, smell)

Question 1

General Senses

Answer 1

Located throughout the body.
(Touch)

Question 2

5 Types of general Receptors

Answer 2

Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors

Question 3

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 3

Respond to physical stimulus.

Question 4

Chemoreceptors

Answer 4

Respond to chemical stimulus

Question 5

Photoreceptors

Answer 5

Respond to light stimulus

Question 6

Thermoreceptors

Answer 6

Respond to change in temp

Between 54-117 F

Question 7

Nociceptors

Answer 7

Respond to Pain

Question 8

Free Nerve Endings

Answer 8

Mostly Nociception
- Pain
- Temperature
- Itch
- Movement

Question 9

Enclosed Receptors

Answer 9

Merkels Disks
- light touch and superficial pressure

Hair Follicle Receptors
- non discriminative light touch

Meissners Corpuscles
- Discriminative Light touch
- Located in superficial dermis

Ruffini’s End Organs
- Continuous Touch

Pacinian Corpuscles
- Deep pressure, vibration, proprioception
- located in deep dermis

Question 10

Reffered Pain

Answer 10

Feeling pain in an area other than wehre the pain originated from

Caused by converging neural tracts

Brain must make sense, and projects it to most likely area

Question 11

Phantom Pain

Answer 11

Feeling pain in an area of the body that no longer exists

Region Still exists in the brain and can fire

Question 12

Gate Control Theory

Answer 12

Brain can only process so much information at one time
Must be selective in processing the stimuli that are coming into the brain and ignore everything else
Can be used to ignore pain

Question 13

Regions Of taste on the tounge

Answer 13

DRAW

Question 14

Retina Layers

And Direction that light passes throuhg

Answer 14

DRAW

Question 15

Three Tunics of the Eye

Answer 15

Fibrous Tunic - Sclera and Cornea
Vascular Tunic - Choroid, cilliary body, iris
Nervous Tunic - Retina

Question 16

Rods vs. Cones

Answer 16

Rods
- B+W
- low visual acuity
- high sensitivity
- concentrated on periphery

Cones
- RGB
- High visual acuity
- Low sensitivity
- Concentrated in center

Question 17

Different Kinds of Sight

Answer 17

Myopia - Near sighted
Hyperopia - Far sighted
Emmatropia - Normal Vision

Question 18

Pathway of light

Answer 18

Outside Air → cornea → aqueous humor of anterior cavity → pupil → lens → Vitreous Humor of posterior cavity → photoreceptors → Bipolar cells → RGCs → RGC axons → optic disc → Optic Head → Optic Nerve → Optic Chiasm → Optic Tract → Superior colliculi → Lateral Geniculate Nucleas of the thalamus → Primary Visual cortex of the occipital lobe of the brain

Question 19

Positive vs Negative afterimage

Answer 19

Positive - Seeing a light after a strong stimulus has been removed (PRs continue to fire)
Negative - The lack of sight after being exposed to a strong stimulus for a prolonged period (PRs are exhausted and must reload)

Question 20

Cochlear Duct

Answer 20

DRAW

Question 21

Pathway of sound

Answer 21

Outside air → pinna → external acoutstic canal → tympanic membrane → malleus → incus → stapes → oval window → perilymph of vestibular duct → vestibular membrane → endolymph of cochlear duct → tectorial membrane → hairs bend → cochlear nerve → vestibulocochlear nerve → inferior colliculi → primary auditory cortex of the temporal lobe of the brain