Muscular System

Question 1

Synergists

Answer 1

Muscles that work together to cause a movement

Question 2

Prime Mover

Answer 2

The muscle that plays the primary role

Question 3

Antagonist

Answer 3

Muscles that opposes a movement

Question 4

Flexion

Answer 4

Movement in the anterior or ventral direction
Decreasing the angle of a joint

Question 5

Extension

Answer 5

Movement in the posterior or dorsal direction
Increasing the angle of a joint

Question 6

Plantarflexion

Answer 6

Moving the distal part of the foot inferiorly
“Flexion of the foot”

Question 7

Dorsiflexion

Answer 7

Moving the distal part of the foot superiorly
“Extension of the foot”

Question 8

Abduction

Answer 8

Movement away from the midline

Question 9

Adduction

Answer 9

Movement toward the midline

Question 10

Rotation

Answer 10

Turning around the long axis

Shaking head “no”

Question 11

Pronation

Answer 11

Rotating the forearm so palm is down (When forearm is flexed)

Question 12

Supination

Answer 12

Rotating the forearm so palm is up (When forearm is flexed)

Hold a cup of soup

Question 13

Eversion

Answer 13

Plantar surface (bottom of foot) faces laterally

Question 14

Inversion

Answer 14

Plantar surface faces medially

96% of all ankle sprains are inversion sprains

Question 15

Protraction

Answer 15

Movement Anteriorly

Gliding mandible/head forward

Question 16

Retraction

Answer 16

Movement posteriorly

Gliding Mandible/head back

Question 17

Elevation

Answer 17

Movement Superiorly

Question 18

Depression

Answer 18

Movement Inferiorly

Question 19

Excursion

Answer 19

Movement to the side

Moving mandible from one side to another

Question 20

Circumduction

Answer 20

Free movement in a cone shape with the joint as the apex of the cone

Example: shoulde joint

Question 21

Opposition

Answer 21

Unique movement of the thumb touching another digit

Question 22

Reposition

Answer 22

Returning the digits to the anatomical position after opposition

Question 23

Sarcomere

Answer 23

The basic Functional unit of muscle
Draw it

Question 24

Structural and Functional Hierarchy of Muscle

Answer 24

Myofilaments - actin and myosin filaments
Myofibrils - bundles of myofilaments
Myo fiber - bundles of myofibrils
Muscle Cell (Sacroplasmic reticulum)
Sorrounded by endomysium
Myofascicle - bundles of myofibers
sorrounded by a perimysium
Muscle - Bundles of myofascicles
Sorrounded by epimysium
Sorrounded by fascia

Question 25

Sliding Filament Theory

Answer 25

1. Action Potential arrives at the neuromuscular junction 2. Ca2+ released from sarcoplasmic reticulum 3. Ca2+ bind to Troponin 4. Tropomyosin slides into actin grooves, exposing binding sites. 5. Myosin heads bind to binding sites 6. Myosin heads perform "Power Stroke" pulling actin and using ATP 7. New ATP comes to release myosin head from actin 8. If Ca2+ is still present, repeat steps 3-7

Question 26

Isotonic Contraction

Answer 26

Muscle Length Decreases, while tension stays constant

Question 27

Isometric Contraction

Answer 27

Muscle tension increases, while muscle length remains constant.

Question 28

Motor Unit

Answer 28

One neuron and all the muscle cells it innervates

Question 29

Phases of Muscle Contractions

Answer 29

DRAW THE CHART

Question 30

Tetanus

Answer 30

Build up of Ca2+ in a muscle resulting in a sustained muscle contraction

Question 31

# Action, Origin, and Insertion Trapezius

Answer 31

Action - Elevate, detract, or rotate scapula upwards. Elevate Clavicle. Extend Neck Origin - Occipital Bone, Ligamentum Nuchae, Spinous process of thoracic vertebrae Insertion - Acromion, Scapular Spine

Question 32

# Action, Origin, and Insertion Deltoid

Answer 32

Action - Abduction of shoulder. flexion and medial rotation. Extension and lateral rotation Origin - Clavicle, Scapula Insertion - Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus

Question 33

# Action, Origin, and Insertion Pectoralis Major

Answer 33

Action - Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of shoulder Origin - Cartilages of Ribs 2-6, Body of Sternum, Inferior Medial portion of Clavicle Insertion -Crest of greater tubercle