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resp path Flashcards

1
Q

virchow’s triad of DVT risk

A

stasis
hypercoaguability
endothelial damage

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2
Q

dorsiflexion of foot leading to pain should be suspicous of

A

DVT (horman’s sign)

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3
Q

imaging test of choice for PE

A

CT pulmonary angiography

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4
Q

lines of zahn can dtermine what about a PE

A

that it was pre-mortem

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5
Q

lung function in obstructive dxs

A

increase in RV, decrease in about everything else. BIG decrease in FEV1, V/Q mismatch

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6
Q

causes chronic bronchitis

A

hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands in bromchi

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7
Q

criteria of chronic bronchitis

A

productive cough for 3 months per year for more than 2 yesrs

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8
Q

findings of chronic bronchitis

A

wheezing, crackles, cyanosis, late onest-dyspnea

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9
Q

pt exhaling through pursed lips a sign of

A

emphysema (keeps airway from collapsing during exhalation)

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10
Q

chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi

A

brochictasis

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11
Q

can cause bronchiectasis

A

bronchial obstruction, poor ciliary obstruction, kartageneer’s, CF, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

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12
Q

respiratory changes in restricive lung disease

A

decreased lung volumes, FEV1/FVC ration greater than 80%

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13
Q

general types of restrictive lung disease

A

poor breathing mechanics/instsital lung dx

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14
Q

can cause poor breathing mechanic restrictive lung dx

A

polio, MG, scoliosis, obestity

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15
Q

intersistial lung diseases

A 
ARDS
neoatal RDS
pneumoconioses
sarcoidoses
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
goodpasture's
granulomatosis with polyangitits
drug toxicity
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16
Q

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, noncaseating granuola, high ACE, and high calcium

A

sarcoidosis

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17
Q

drugs that can cause retsrictive lung disease (mostly fibrosis)

A

bleomycin
busulfan
amiodarone
methotrexate

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18
Q

“eggshell calcification of hilar lymph nodes”

A

silicosis

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19
Q

golden brown fusiform rods looking like dumbells

A

asbestos bodies

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20
Q

risk factors for neonat RDS

A

prematurity, maternal diabetes, C section

21
Q

tx to prevent neonate RDS

A

steroids

22
Q

can cause ARDS

A

trauma, sepsis, shock, gastric aspiration, uremia, pancreatitis, or amnionic fluid embolism

23
Q

intra-alveolar hyaline membrane

A

ARDS

24
Q

FEV1/FVC < 80%

A

obstructive dx

25
Q

FEV1/FVC > 80%

A

restrictive lung dx

26
Q

tracheal deviation toward lesion

A 
bronchial obstruction (atelectasis)
spontaneous pneumothorax
27
Q

tracheal deviation away from lesion

A

tension pnemuo

28
Q

increased fremitus indictes

A

lobar pnemonia, pulmonary edema

29
Q

most common lung cancer in non smokers

A

adenocarcinoma

30
Q

most common lung cancer in fermales

A

adenocarcinoma

31
Q

complications from lung cancer

A 
superior vena cava syndome
pancoast tumor
horner's syndrome
endocrine paraneoplastic syndrome
hoarseness
pleural/paricardial effusions
32
Q

mutation in adenocarcinoma

A

k-ras

33
Q

lung cancer most associated with smoking

A

SSC

34
Q

lung cancer producing PTPrP and hypercalcemia

A

SSC

35
Q

inoperable lung cancer type

A

small (oat) cell carcinoma

36
Q

lung cancer that can cause lambert-eaton

A

small cell

37
Q

lambert-eaton pathology

A

antbodies against presynaptic calcium channels

38
Q

produces ACTH or ADH

A

small cell lung cancer

39
Q

lung cancer that does not respond to chemo, but can be removed surgically

A

large cell carcinoma

40
Q

best prognosis of lung cancer

A

broncial carcinoid

41
Q

lung cancer with associated cacinoid syndomre

A

bronchial cacrinoid

42
Q

signs of pancost tumor

A

horner’s syndome, c8-T1 nerve lesion

43
Q

bugs that causes lobar pneumonias

A

s pneumonia, klebsiella

44
Q

bugs that cause bronchopneumonia

A

s pneumonia, staph A, H flu, klebsiella

45
Q

causes of atypical pneumona

A

flu, ESV, adenoviruss, mycoplasma, legionella, chlymidia

46
Q

air fluid level on CXR shows

A

abcess

47
Q

common causes of lung abcesses, bronchiol obstruction

A

aspiration (bacteroides, fusobacerium, peptostrepto)

48
Q

can cause lymphatic effusion

A

thoracic duct injury (trauma or malignancy)

49
Q

can cause exudate pleural effusion

A

malignancy, pneumonia, collegen vascular dx, trauma

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