resp path

Question 1

virchow’s triad of DVT risk

Answer 1

stasis
hypercoaguability
endothelial damage

Question 2

dorsiflexion of foot leading to pain should be suspicous of

Answer 2

DVT (horman’s sign)

Question 3

imaging test of choice for PE

Answer 3

CT pulmonary angiography

Question 4

lines of zahn can dtermine what about a PE

Answer 4

that it was pre-mortem

Question 5

lung function in obstructive dxs

Answer 5

increase in RV, decrease in about everything else. BIG decrease in FEV1, V/Q mismatch

Question 6

causes chronic bronchitis

Answer 6

hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands in bromchi

Question 7

criteria of chronic bronchitis

Answer 7

productive cough for 3 months per year for more than 2 yesrs

Question 8

findings of chronic bronchitis

Answer 8

wheezing, crackles, cyanosis, late onest-dyspnea

Question 9

pt exhaling through pursed lips a sign of

Answer 9

emphysema (keeps airway from collapsing during exhalation)

Question 10

chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi

Answer 10

brochictasis

Question 11

can cause bronchiectasis

Answer 11

bronchial obstruction, poor ciliary obstruction, kartageneer’s, CF, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Question 12

respiratory changes in restricive lung disease

Answer 12

decreased lung volumes, FEV1/FVC ration greater than 80%

Question 13

general types of restrictive lung disease

Answer 13

poor breathing mechanics/instsital lung dx

Question 14

can cause poor breathing mechanic restrictive lung dx

Answer 14

polio, MG, scoliosis, obestity

Question 15

intersistial lung diseases

Answer 15

ARDS
neoatal RDS
pneumoconioses
sarcoidoses
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
goodpasture's
granulomatosis with polyangitits
drug toxicity

Question 16

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, noncaseating granuola, high ACE, and high calcium

Answer 16

sarcoidosis

Question 17

drugs that can cause retsrictive lung disease (mostly fibrosis)

Answer 17

bleomycin
busulfan
amiodarone
methotrexate

Question 18

“eggshell calcification of hilar lymph nodes”

Answer 18

silicosis

Question 19

golden brown fusiform rods looking like dumbells

Answer 19

asbestos bodies

Question 20

risk factors for neonat RDS

Answer 20

prematurity, maternal diabetes, C section

Question 21

tx to prevent neonate RDS

Answer 21

steroids

Question 22

can cause ARDS

Answer 22

trauma, sepsis, shock, gastric aspiration, uremia, pancreatitis, or amnionic fluid embolism

Question 23

intra-alveolar hyaline membrane

Answer 23

ARDS

Question 24

FEV1/FVC < 80%

Answer 24

obstructive dx

Question 25

FEV1/FVC > 80%

Answer 25

restrictive lung dx

Question 26

tracheal deviation toward lesion

Answer 26

``` bronchial obstruction (atelectasis) spontaneous pneumothorax ```

Question 27

tracheal deviation away from lesion

Answer 27

tension pnemuo

Question 28

increased fremitus indictes

Answer 28

lobar pnemonia, pulmonary edema

Question 29

most common lung cancer in non smokers

Answer 29

adenocarcinoma

Question 30

most common lung cancer in fermales

Answer 30

adenocarcinoma

Question 31

complications from lung cancer

Answer 31

``` superior vena cava syndome pancoast tumor horner's syndrome endocrine paraneoplastic syndrome hoarseness pleural/paricardial effusions ```

Question 32

mutation in adenocarcinoma

Answer 32

k-ras

Question 33

lung cancer most associated with smoking

Answer 33

SSC

Question 34

lung cancer producing PTPrP and hypercalcemia

Answer 34

SSC

Question 35

inoperable lung cancer type

Answer 35

small (oat) cell carcinoma

Question 36

lung cancer that can cause lambert-eaton

Answer 36

small cell

Question 37

lambert-eaton pathology

Answer 37

antbodies against presynaptic calcium channels

Question 38

produces ACTH or ADH

Answer 38

small cell lung cancer

Question 39

lung cancer that does not respond to chemo, but can be removed surgically

Answer 39

large cell carcinoma

Question 40

best prognosis of lung cancer

Answer 40

broncial carcinoid

Question 41

lung cancer with associated cacinoid syndomre

Answer 41

bronchial cacrinoid

Question 42

signs of pancost tumor

Answer 42

horner's syndome, c8-T1 nerve lesion

Question 43

bugs that causes lobar pneumonias

Answer 43

s pneumonia, klebsiella

Question 44

bugs that cause bronchopneumonia

Answer 44

s pneumonia, staph A, H flu, klebsiella

Question 45

causes of atypical pneumona

Answer 45

flu, ESV, adenoviruss, mycoplasma, legionella, chlymidia

Question 46

air fluid level on CXR shows

Answer 46

abcess

Question 47

common causes of lung abcesses, bronchiol obstruction

Answer 47

aspiration (bacteroides, fusobacerium, peptostrepto)

Question 48

can cause lymphatic effusion

Answer 48

thoracic duct injury (trauma or malignancy)

Question 49

can cause exudate pleural effusion

Answer 49

malignancy, pneumonia, collegen vascular dx, trauma