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Step 1 - Path > Path - CV > Flashcards

Path - CV Flashcards

1
Q

congenital right to left shunts

A 
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Persistant Truncus arteriosus
Tricuspid Atresia
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
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2
Q

most common Congenital Heart defect

A

VSD

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3
Q

left to right congenital shunts

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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4
Q

tetralogy defects

A

pulmonary stenosis (most important prognosis factor)
RV hypertrophy
overriding aorta
VSD

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5
Q

type of coarctication of the aorta associated with rib notching

A

adult (distal to ductus)

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6
Q

Turner’s syndrome heart defect

A

infantile coarct of aorta

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7
Q

22q11 heart defect

A

trunctus, Tertology

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8
Q

down syndrome heart defect

A

and endocardial cushion defect

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9
Q

congential rubella heart defect

A

septal defects, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis

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10
Q

marfan’s syndrome heart defect

A

aortic insufficiency and dissection

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11
Q

infanct of diabetic mother heart defect

A

transpostion

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12
Q

cause of primary hypertension

A

CO or peripherial pressure

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13
Q

calcification in the media of arteries - usual radial or ulnar

A

monckeberg

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14
Q

progression of atherosclerosis

A

endotheial cell dysfunction –> macrophage and LDL accunmulation –> foam cell formation –> fatty streaks –> smooth cell migration –> proliferation –> fibrous plauqe –> complex atheroma

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15
Q

most common site of atherosclorotic plaque

A

abdominal aorta

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16
Q

stable/unstable angina shows on ECG

A

ST depression

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17
Q

ST elevation and angina at rest

A

prinzmetal’s

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18
Q

most common coronary ateery occlusion

A

LAD>RCA>Cfx

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19
Q

time frame that MI shows early coag necrosis, edema, hemorage and wavy fibers

A

4-12 hrs

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20
Q

time frame that MI shows beginning of neutrophil migration

A

12-24 hours

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21
Q

risk in post MI days 3-14

A

free wall rupture leading to tamponade

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22
Q

time frame that MI shows macrophage infiltration

A

3-14days

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23
Q

causes contraction bands post MI

A

reperfusion syndrome

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24
Q

when does Cardiac troponin rise post MI

A

after 4 hours, and eevated fr 7-10 days

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25
Q

dx of reinfarction following acute MI

A

CK-MB

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26
Q

ECG changes in MI

A

ST elevation
ST depression (subendocardial infacrct)
pathologic Q waves

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27
Q

Q wave in V1-V4

A

LAD/anterior infarct

28
Q

Q wave in V1-V2

A

LAD/anteroseptal wall

29
Q

Q wave in V4-V6

A

LCX

30
Q

Q wave in I, aVL

A

LCX/lateral wall

31
Q

Q wave in II,III, aVF

A

RCA/inferior wall

32
Q

dressler’s syndrome

A

autoimmune phenom resulting in fibrous pericarditis

33
Q

cause of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

alchohol abuse, wet beriberi, coxsackie B, cocaine, chagas dx, doxorubicin

34
Q

tx for dilated cardiomyopathy

A

reduce sodium, ACEi, diuretics, dig, transplant

35
Q

sarcomeres added in series

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

36
Q

causes of hypertrophic myopathy

A

mostly familial (AD) - heavy chain B-myosin mutation

37
Q

tx for hypertrophic myopathy

A

CCB, B blocker

38
Q

sarcomeres added in parellel

A

hypertrophic myopathy

39
Q

sx of hypertrophic myopathy

A

systolic murmur, S4, syncopal episodes, sudden death

40
Q

reduce mortality n CHF

A

ACEi, B blockers, angiotensin receptor antagonist, spirolactone

41
Q

Do NOT give to acute decompensated CHF

A

B blockers

42
Q

signs of L HF

A

pulmonary edema, paroxysmal nocternal dyspena, SOB

43
Q

signs of R HF

A

hepatomegaly, peripheral edema, JVD

44
Q

signs of bacterial endocarditis

A

fever, roth’s spots in retina, osler’s nodes, janeway lesions, splinter hemorrgahes

45
Q

bug causing acute bacterial endocarditis

A

staph A

46
Q

bug causing subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

viridins strepto

47
Q

vavle damaged by endocarditis secondary to IV use

A

trcuspid

48
Q

most common valve damaged in bacterial endocarditis

A

mitral

49
Q

bug causeing pheumatic fever

A

strep (group A beta hemolytic) postpharyngeal infection

50
Q

ECG changes in acute pericarditis

A

widespread ST elevevation and PR depression

51
Q

causes serous pericarditis

A

viral, autoimmune dxs

52
Q

presents with loud friction rub

A

fibrinous pericarditis

53
Q

most common cardiac tumor in adults

A

myxoma (ball-valve can cause fainting)

54
Q

most common cardiac tumor in kids

A

rhabdomyoma

55
Q

kussmaul’s sign

A

increase in JVP in inspiration (from pericarditis, restrictive cariomyopathy, tumros, tamponade)

56
Q

vasculitis: young asian females, pulseless in BLE, nigh sweats, nightsewats

A

takayasu arteritis (granulomatus thickening in aortic arch)

57
Q

high sed rates can be

A

temporal/takayasu arteritis (treat with high dose corticosteroids)

58
Q

vasculitis constitutional sx, melana, renal damage. Hep B seropositivity

A

polyateritis nodosa (immune complex) affects visceral and renal vessels

59
Q

young asian kids with strawberry toundm fever, desquaminating rash and coronary aneurysms

A

kawasaki dx. -

60
Q

vasculitis in smokers

A

beurger’s (thromboangititis obliterans)

61
Q

P-ANCA postitive vasculitis involving lung, kidneys and skin

A

microscopic polyangiitis

62
Q

triad of local necrotising vasculitis, necrotixzing granulomas in lung and upper airway, necrotizing glomularnephritis. c-ANCA +

A

wegener’s granulomatosis

63
Q

asthmas, sinutisus, purpura, peripheral neuropathy. p-ANCA and elevated IgE

A

churg-strauss

64
Q

purpua on buttocks and legs, arthalgia, abdomonal pain and melena

A

henoch-schonlein purpura - vasculitis secondary to IgA depostition

65
Q

lymphatic malignancy associated with persistent lymphedema

A

lymphangiosarcoma

66
Q

blood vessel malignancy associated with radiation therapy

A

angiosarcoma

67
Q

port-wine stain, intracerebral AVM, and early onset glaucoma

A

sturge-weber

Step 1 - Path (12 decks)

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