Path - CV

Question 1

congenital right to left shunts

Answer 1

Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Persistant Truncus arteriosus
Tricuspid Atresia
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Question 2

most common Congenital Heart defect

Answer 2

VSD

Question 3

left to right congenital shunts

Answer 3

VSD, ASD, PDA

Question 4

tetralogy defects

Answer 4

pulmonary stenosis (most important prognosis factor)
RV hypertrophy
overriding aorta
VSD

Question 5

type of coarctication of the aorta associated with rib notching

Answer 5

adult (distal to ductus)

Question 6

Turner’s syndrome heart defect

Answer 6

infantile coarct of aorta

Question 7

22q11 heart defect

Answer 7

trunctus, Tertology

Question 8

down syndrome heart defect

Answer 8

and endocardial cushion defect

Question 9

congential rubella heart defect

Answer 9

septal defects, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis

Question 10

marfan’s syndrome heart defect

Answer 10

aortic insufficiency and dissection

Question 11

infanct of diabetic mother heart defect

Answer 11

transpostion

Question 12

cause of primary hypertension

Answer 12

CO or peripherial pressure

Question 13

calcification in the media of arteries - usual radial or ulnar

Answer 13

monckeberg

Question 14

progression of atherosclerosis

Answer 14

endotheial cell dysfunction –> macrophage and LDL accunmulation –> foam cell formation –> fatty streaks –> smooth cell migration –> proliferation –> fibrous plauqe –> complex atheroma

Question 15

most common site of atherosclorotic plaque

Answer 15

abdominal aorta

Question 16

stable/unstable angina shows on ECG

Answer 16

ST depression

Question 17

ST elevation and angina at rest

Answer 17

prinzmetal’s

Question 18

most common coronary ateery occlusion

Answer 18

LAD>RCA>Cfx

Question 19

time frame that MI shows early coag necrosis, edema, hemorage and wavy fibers

Answer 19

4-12 hrs

Question 20

time frame that MI shows beginning of neutrophil migration

Answer 20

12-24 hours

Question 21

risk in post MI days 3-14

Answer 21

free wall rupture leading to tamponade

Question 22

time frame that MI shows macrophage infiltration

Answer 22

3-14days

Question 23

causes contraction bands post MI

Answer 23

reperfusion syndrome

Question 24

when does Cardiac troponin rise post MI

Answer 24

after 4 hours, and eevated fr 7-10 days

Question 25

dx of reinfarction following acute MI

Answer 25

CK-MB

Question 26

ECG changes in MI

Answer 26

ST elevation ST depression (subendocardial infacrct) pathologic Q waves

Question 27

Q wave in V1-V4

Answer 27

LAD/anterior infarct

Question 28

Q wave in V1-V2

Answer 28

LAD/anteroseptal wall

Question 29

Q wave in V4-V6

Answer 29

LCX

Question 30

Q wave in I, aVL

Answer 30

LCX/lateral wall

Question 31

Q wave in II,III, aVF

Answer 31

RCA/inferior wall

Question 32

dressler's syndrome

Answer 32

autoimmune phenom resulting in fibrous pericarditis

Question 33

cause of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 33

alchohol abuse, wet beriberi, coxsackie B, cocaine, chagas dx, doxorubicin

Question 34

tx for dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 34

reduce sodium, ACEi, diuretics, dig, transplant

Question 35

sarcomeres added in series

Answer 35

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 36

causes of hypertrophic myopathy

Answer 36

mostly familial (AD) - heavy chain B-myosin mutation

Question 37

tx for hypertrophic myopathy

Answer 37

CCB, B blocker

Question 38

sarcomeres added in parellel

Answer 38

hypertrophic myopathy

Question 39

sx of hypertrophic myopathy

Answer 39

systolic murmur, S4, syncopal episodes, sudden death

Question 40

reduce mortality n CHF

Answer 40

ACEi, B blockers, angiotensin receptor antagonist, spirolactone

Question 41

Do NOT give to acute decompensated CHF

Answer 41

B blockers

Question 42

signs of L HF

Answer 42

pulmonary edema, paroxysmal nocternal dyspena, SOB

Question 43

signs of R HF

Answer 43

hepatomegaly, peripheral edema, JVD

Question 44

signs of bacterial endocarditis

Answer 44

fever, roth's spots in retina, osler's nodes, janeway lesions, splinter hemorrgahes

Question 45

bug causing acute bacterial endocarditis

Answer 45

staph A

Question 46

bug causing subacute bacterial endocarditis

Answer 46

viridins strepto

Question 47

vavle damaged by endocarditis secondary to IV use

Answer 47

trcuspid

Question 48

most common valve damaged in bacterial endocarditis

Answer 48

mitral

Question 49

bug causeing pheumatic fever

Answer 49

strep (group A beta hemolytic) postpharyngeal infection

Question 50

ECG changes in acute pericarditis

Answer 50

widespread ST elevevation and PR depression

Question 51

causes serous pericarditis

Answer 51

viral, autoimmune dxs

Question 52

presents with loud friction rub

Answer 52

fibrinous pericarditis

Question 53

most common cardiac tumor in adults

Answer 53

myxoma (ball-valve can cause fainting)

Question 54

most common cardiac tumor in kids

Answer 54

rhabdomyoma

Question 55

kussmaul's sign

Answer 55

increase in JVP in inspiration (from pericarditis, restrictive cariomyopathy, tumros, tamponade)

Question 56

vasculitis: young asian females, pulseless in BLE, nigh sweats, nightsewats

Answer 56

takayasu arteritis (granulomatus thickening in aortic arch)

Question 57

high sed rates can be

Answer 57

temporal/takayasu arteritis (treat with high dose corticosteroids)

Question 58

vasculitis constitutional sx, melana, renal damage. Hep B seropositivity

Answer 58

polyateritis nodosa (immune complex) affects visceral and renal vessels

Question 59

young asian kids with strawberry toundm fever, desquaminating rash and coronary aneurysms

Answer 59

kawasaki dx. -

Question 60

vasculitis in smokers

Answer 60

beurger's (thromboangititis obliterans)

Question 61

P-ANCA postitive vasculitis involving lung, kidneys and skin

Answer 61

microscopic polyangiitis

Question 62

triad of local necrotising vasculitis, necrotixzing granulomas in lung and upper airway, necrotizing glomularnephritis. c-ANCA +

Answer 62

wegener's granulomatosis

Question 63

asthmas, sinutisus, purpura, peripheral neuropathy. p-ANCA and elevated IgE

Answer 63

churg-strauss

Question 64

purpua on buttocks and legs, arthalgia, abdomonal pain and melena

Answer 64

henoch-schonlein purpura - vasculitis secondary to IgA depostition

Question 65

lymphatic malignancy associated with persistent lymphedema

Answer 65

lymphangiosarcoma

Question 66

blood vessel malignancy associated with radiation therapy

Answer 66

angiosarcoma

Question 67

port-wine stain, intracerebral AVM, and early onset glaucoma

Answer 67

sturge-weber